1.1
1.3 | Aztec state controls mexico Inca capital located near andes mountains Aztecs ruled by priests who sacrificed captured enemies
Native American Culture Evidence shows mississippian culture in first contact with europeans. English and Natives English arrive in villages and put an end to many native practices Five nations come together and become the iroquois. The nations have been fighting amongst themselves for years. Iroquois don’t recognize chiefs, instead they make councils
Beyond the mississippi Indians in the great plains transform due to a european import (The horse) The horses helped the indians in war Horses helped the sioux move west an dominate territory from the mississippi river to the black hills Large Farming settlements develop in the southwest. Pueblo people develop irrigation systems. Societies stay independent by discouraging inter-marriage.
The beginning African History Sudanic people begin in 90000 BCE and domesticated cattle The sudanic people grow and weave cotton and invent techniques to work copper and iron Ghanna capitalizes camel trade routes Gold becomes valuable Coastal kingdoms appear and fight frequently for local power
Trade/Trade systems Primary route of trade passed through the ghana, mali, and songhai empires. Trade with Europeans began in the mid 15th century. Akan coast becomes known as the gold coast because of gold fields. The Blight of Benin becomes an early center of slave trade.
African beliefs Africans living south of the Sahara learn about islam from Arab merchants and Imams. Most west africans acknowledged multiple gods, spirits, animals, and the earth West Africans believed that death interceded in their lives. Many people believed that their kings could contact the spirit world. Secret societies formed. Conducted rituals that celebrated fertility.
|
2.1
2.3?
3.1
3.4 | European Conquest Spanish begin to take over mesoamerica while bringing the catholic church with them. Spanish conquest begins a global ecological transformation called the columbian exchange. Plants, animals, and diseases were brought with it.
Conquest continued Conquistadors are granted Indian labor for their use. Inflation is caused in spain because the spanish are finding gold in mesoamerica 350,000 spaniards migrate to mesoamerica and the andes Casta system- a hierarchical system of racial classification. Developed to make sense if racial mixing patterns. Most natives remain in their native communities while spanish move to the countryside.
Spanish Invasion Growth in the new land Gold and silver from mexico and peru make spain the wealthiest european nation King Henry places himself as the head of the new church of england. Queen Elizabeth continues her father’s church and adds catholic traditions to it. Philip spends all his money on religious wars
Neo european colonies Dutch,French, and English sailors search for northwest passage through the continent of asia. The sailors develop an interest in trading furs. The sailors like the new regions they create farms and large manors
New France In the 1530w Jacques cartier ventured up the st Lawrence river and claimed it for france. French access furs through native americans Hurons become first focus of french catholicism Natives accept french priests but become skeptical when the christian god doesn’t answer their prayers In 1602 King louis turned new france into a royal colony New France maintains a small population. The mississippi river becomes a network for soldiers
New Netherland By 1600 Amsterdam became the financial and commercial hub of northern europe. The dutch had more ships and sailors than the other countries combined The Dutch send Henry Hudson to navigate a route to the riches of the east indies. New Netherland does not thrive because the Dutch population was too small to support much immigration. New Netherland goes to war with neighboring indians In 1664 England Invades the New Netherland colony- no one resists
Missing notes for the rest of this section. Imperial wars William of orange is paid by england to come to the throne England embarks on an era called the second hundred years war The second hundred years war- an era between England and France beginning in 1689 and laying until 1815. Begins with the war of the league. The wars from Europe spread to the colonies as governments were forced to arm themselves and create alliances with the natives.
Tribalization Eurasian diseases rapidly kill off native american communities Iroqouis were endangered by imperial conflict when an English alliance failed them and French, militiamen and Indian allies burned all three Mohawk villages. During the war of the spanish succession, english creek expedition attacked florida, burning town of st augustine.
Indian Goals Creeks want to become dominant tribe in their area In 1704, creek destroyed the french missions, attacked spanish settlements, and captured a thousands apalache to sell to slave traders. Natives join warfare between french and english Treaty of Utrecht Britain obtained Newfoundland acadia and hudson bay region of northern canada.
Northern maritime economy Since the 1640s new england farmers supplied the sugar islands with bread, lumber, fish, and meat By 1700 farmers and merchants in new york, new jersey, and pennsylvania were shipping, wheat, corn and bread to the caribbean By the 1750s ⅔ of New England's exports and half of middle Atlantic colonies went to the British and french sugar islands. Sugar economy- Links britain's entire atlantic empire. In return for the sugar they sent to England, west indian planters receive credit in form of bills from london merchants. The bills could be used to buy slaves from african and ro pay north american farmers and merchants.
The urban economy West indian rade created the first american fortunes Merchants in boston, newport, providence, philly, and new york invested their profits in new ships Merchants in Salem, marblehead, and smaller new england ports, built a major fishing industry by selling salted mackerel and cod to the sugar islands. Baltimore becomes a major port. American port cities grow in size and complexity Philly is the largest port Smaller coastal towns emerged as the center of the lumber and shipbuilding industries.
Urban society Urban merchants imitated the British upper class Laboring men and women formed the lowest rank of urban society. Merchants used black slaves and indentured servants for tough labor. Everyone was so poor, women had to work many different jobs.
|