EXAM 3 REVIEW

EXAM 3 REVIEW

  1. Multiple sclerosis is a disease in which the myelin sheath is destroyed. What will happen to nerve conduction speed in affected neurons?

A) It will slow down dramatically.

B) It will speed up dramatically.

C) It will speed up just a little bit.

D) There will be no effect.

  1. When you ride your bike to class, which area of the cerebrum are you using to move your leg muscles?

A) premotor cortex

B) corpus callosum

C) somatosensory

D) thalamus

  1. What is the term for the phenomenon where people are generally unaware of the texture of a shirt, they’ve been wearing all day until it's mentioned?

A) action potential
B) threshold level
C) sensory adaptation
D) mechanical accommodation

  1. What are the two basic types of deafness?

A) conductive; sensorineural
B) central; peripheral
C) acute; chronic
D) partial; total

  1. Which glands secrete a hormone that triggers the release of calcium from the bones when blood calcium levels fall?

A) parathyroid glands
B) thyroid glands
C) adrenal glands
D) testes

  1. Which condition is a cancer that leads to uncontrolled division of white blood cells, resulting in a significant increase in their numbers?

A) mononucleosis
B) leukemia
C) iron-deficiency anemia
D) sickle-cell anemia

  1. Which valves open to allow blood to flow from the atria to the ventricles?

A) AV node
B) SA node
C) SL valves
D) AV valves

  1. What are the specialized membrane proteins called that actively transport sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane?

A) sodium-chloride pump
B) sodium-manganese pump
C) sodium-potassium pump
D) sodium pump

  1. Which of the following refers to a collection of structures involved in emotions and memory?

A) CNS
B) limbic system
C) autonomic system
D) parasympathetic system

  1. Which type of receptors are responsible for touch, pressure, hearing, and equilibrium?

A) mechanoreceptors
B) chemoreceptors
C) photoreceptors
D) thermoreceptors

  1. Which of the following bones is located in the middle ear along with the stapes and malleus?

A) retina
B) cochlea
C) semicircular canals
D) incus

  1. In which gland are T cells, an important part of the body's defense mechanism, found?

A) thymus
B) thyroid
C) adrenal
D) ovary

  1. Alberto had a bad bump on his leg, so he went to see the doctor about it. The physician diagnosed it as a blood clot and said that blood clots can float away into the circulation. One of these floaters is called a(n)

A) prothrombin
B) formed element
C) platelet plug
D) embolus

  1. What is the term for cardiac muscle tissue?

A) pericardium
B) myocardium
C) endocardium
D) coronary chamber

  1. Which of the following is a chemical signal that diffuses across the gap between adjacent neurons to convey a message to the next cell?

A) neurotransmitter
B) synapse
C) dendrite
D) action potential

  1. During surgery, if Dr. Ling removes a portion of the skull, which meninges would she see first?

A) ventricle
B) pia mater
C) dura mater
D) arachnoid

  1. What is the name of the white portion of the tough outer coat of the eye?

A) sclera
B) choroid
C) retina
D) ciliary body

  1. How would you describe the relationship between parathyroid hormone, which raises blood calcium levels, and calcitonin, which lowers them?

A) expressive
B) antagonistic
C) synergistic
D) permissive

  1. The gland lies in the center of the brain and contains secretory cells that produce melatonin.

A) thyroid
B) pineal
C) thymus
D) adrenal

  1. What do mature red blood cells lack that distinguishes them from white blood cells?

A) hemoglobin
B) iron
C) nucleus
D) phagocytosis

  1. What is the correct sequence of signals in the heart's conduction system?

A) SA node > Purkinje fibers > AV node > AV bundle > walls of the ventricle
B) SA node > AV bundle > AV node > ST segment > Purkinje fibers
C) SA node > AV bundle > AV node > ST segment
D) SA node > AV node > AV bundle > Purkinje fibers > walls of the ventricle

  1. What are axons and dendrites of individual neurons, arranged in bundles and covered by connective tissue, collectively called?

A) nerves
B) synapses
C) sodium
D) ganglia

  1. During brain surgery, Dr. Judson accidentally poked a certain area of the cerebrum, causing the patient to exclaim, "Why is my arm being tickled?" Which area was affected?

A) pons
B) occipital lobe
C) primary somatosensory area
D) medulla

  1. Which structure is responsible for changing the shape of the lens in the eye to focus on objects at various distances?

A) eyelid muscle
B) ciliary body
C) extrinsic muscle
D) papillary muscle

  1. Which hormone stimulates the release of a future egg cell by the ovaries?

A) luteinizing
B) follicle-stimulating
C) oxytocin
D) prolactin

  1. Which hormone increases to stimulate red blood cell production when sleeping at high altitudes, like 10,000 feet?

A) testosterone
B) erythropoietin (EPO)
C) adrenaline
D) cortisol

  1. Which of the following, also known as thrombocytes, plays a vital role in blood clotting?

A) White blood cells
B) platelets
C) Red blood cells
D) plasma

  1. What is the term for a sound that can be heard with a stethoscope, indicating disturbed blood flow due to a damaged heart valve?

A) systole
B) murmur
C) diastole
D) arrhythmia

  1. What is the term for a recording of the electrical activities of the heart?

A) electrocardiogram
B) echogram
C) sphygmomanometer
D) ultrasound

  1. What are the numerous short, branching projections from a neuron that create a large surface area for receiving signals from other cells?

A) soma
B) dendrites
C) myelin
D) nucleus

  1. Which brain structure is responsible for maintaining homeostasis and influencing blood pressure, heart rate, digestive activity, breathing rate, and body temperature?

A) hypothalamus
B) medulla oblongata
C) thalamus
D) cerebellum

  1. Which of these eye structures is responsible for allowing a person to see color?

A) sclera
B) cones
C) incus
D) rods

  1. Vlad, a 28-year-old slender and jumpy man with bulging eyes and a fast heart rate, most likely has which of the following conditions?

A) Addison's disease
B) acromegaly
C) Cushing's syndrome
D) Graves' disease

  1. What is the term for the liquid portion of the blood that makes up about 55% of its total volume?

A) stem cells
B) leukocytes
C) plasma
D) platelets

  1. Which of the following causes blood to move through veins?

A) vasodilation
B) contraction of smooth muscle
C) contraction of skeletal muscle
D) blood pressure

  1. A neuron requires a specific level of membrane depolarization to generate an action potential. This level of depolarization is known as:

a. repolarization

b. initiation

c. threshold

d. hyperpolarization

  1. Following an action potential, when the sodium channels close and cannot be reopened, this phase is referred to as:

a. refractory period

b. threshold

c. initiation

d. repolarization

  1. After a severe head-on collision, Sam recovered from his external injuries, but his cheerful demeanor changed to one of irritability and unfriendliness. Which area of his cerebrum was likely injured?

A) prefrontal cortex

B) Broca's area

C) thalamus

D) postcentral gyrus

  1. The brain can retain large quantities of information for extended periods, from hours to years. What is this type of memory called?

a) long-term

b) short-term

c) mid-term

d) gray matter

  1. Which structure serves as the pathway for sound to travel to the eardrum?

A) auditory tube

B) external auditory canal

C) malleus

D) incus

  1. When you walk into your grandma's house and initially follow the enticing smell of chocolate chip cookies, but after about thirty minutes in the kitchen you become oblivious to the scent, this phenomenon is due to your:

A) visual; sensory adaptation

B) olfactory; stapedial reflex

C) olfactory; sensory adaptation

D) visual; stapedial reflex

  1. After indulging in a sugary birthday cake, what hormone did Norman's pancreas release?

A) insulin

B) glycogen

C) glucagon

D) thyroxin

  1. When two hormones together produce a greater effect than either hormone does on its own, this is described as:

a) synergistically

b) antagonistic

c) permissive

  1. Which protein is responsible for carrying oxygen in the blood?

a) plasminogen

b) hemoglobin

c) erythropoietin

d) thrombin

  1. Which type of leukocyte is the most prevalent and starts to engulf pathogens to limit the spread of infection?

a) eosinophils

b) monocytes

c) basophils

d) neutrophils

  1. What structure is present in many veins to ensure that blood flows in only one direction—toward the heart?

A) valves

B) lymph nodes

C) myocardium

D) pericardium

  1. Which type of blood vessel is primarily responsible for returning blood directly to the heart?

A) arteries

B) venules

C) veins

D) arterioles