Nasal Diseases in Veterinary Medicine

Nasal Diseases involve various conditions affecting the nasal passages and require a thorough diagnostic approach including history, physical examination, problem list, differential diagnoses, and appropriate diagnostic investigations. Key clinical signs include nasal discharge (bilateral or unilateral), sneezing, reverse sneezing, stertor, and systemic signs. Differential diagnoses for sneezing and nasal discharge include chronic rhinosinusitis in cats, chronic rhinitis in dogs, nasal foreign bodies, each with specific characteristics and symptoms. Diagnostic investigations often require general anesthesia and may include nasal radiographs, computed tomography, nasal sampling, and rhinoscopy. Management of chronic rhinitis/rhinosinusitis focuses on minimizing irritants, humidification, and proper nursing care. Treatment options for neoplasia involve radiotherapy, surgery, and supportive care. Definitions crucial to the diagnosis include stertor as low-pitched noises, stridor as high-pitched sounds, and exophthalmia referring to bulging eyes.