Quarter Three Test Prep

  • Define:

    • Muscle tone

    • Motor tone

    • Muscle spasm

    • Muscle fiber

    • Sarcolemma

    • Sarcoplasm

    • Transverse (T) tubules

    • Sarcoplasmic reticulum

      • Network of fluid-filled membrane tubules which store calcium & contains myoglobin

    • Myofibril

      • Cylindrical structures extending along the entire length of the mucle fibres; Actin & Myosin

    • Striations

    • Myosin

      • Thick filament which binds to Actin during muscle contraction

    • Actin

      • Thin filaments anchored to Z Disc; has Myosin-Binding site

    • Troponin

      • Troponin holds tropomyosin in place; when an influx of Ca2+ will change its shape & exposes binding sites

    • Tropomyosin

    • Atrophy

    • Hypertrophy

    • Epimysium

      • Outer most layer; covers entire muscle

    • Perimysium

      • Surronds the fasicles

    • Endomysium

      • Surronds each individual muscle fibre

    • Tendon

    • Muscle belly

    • Aponeurosis

    • Muscle action potential

      • Motor unit

      • Creatine

      • Oxygen debt

      • Muscle twitch

      • Tetanic contraction/tetanus

      • Wave summation

      • Agonist/prime mover

      • Antagonist

      • Synergist

      • stabilizer/fixator

  • Contrast the different types of muscular tissue.

    • What are the 5 key functions of muscular tissue?

    • What 4 special properties do muscle tissue have?

    • Describe the organization of skeletal muscle.

    • What are the connective tissue components of skeletal muscle tissue?

  • Explain what happens in the sliding filament mechanism of skeletal muscle tissue.

  • What are the components of the neuromuscular junction?

  • What is the neurotransmitter that is released into the synaptic cleft? How is this neurotransmitter broken down?

  • Place in order the steps for the physiology of contraction.

  • What are the 3 sources of ATP production?

    • What type of cellular metabolism requires oxygen?

    • Which produces the most ATP from one glucose molecule?

    • Which forms lactic acid as a byproduct?

    • Which is used in longer muscle activity?

  • What causes muscle fatigue?

  • What 3 things happen to overcome oxygen debt?

  • Contrast the 3 basic types of contraction (tonic, isometric, isotonic).

  • Explain the 3 parts to a muscle twitch.

  • What factors increase muscle tension?

  • What is the difference between a Golgi tendon organ and muscle spindles?

  • Contrast origin, insertion.

  • What are the 3 key components of the lever system? Was is the arrangement in 1st, 2nd and 3rd class lever systems?

  • How are muscle fibers arranged in parallel and pennate muscles? What are the subclasses?