Engl 120 - Semester Project Draft 1

National data indicates a rise in gun-related injuries among children:
- January 2023: 72 children (ages 0-11) injured
- June 2023: 94 children injured
Among teens (ages 12-17):
- January 2023: 396 injuries
- June 2023: 516 reported injuries
Context: Drugs, gangs, and violence heavily influence inner-city youth.
Role of athletics: Seen as a potential escape from poverty and violence.
Importance of team culture:
- Changes athletes' self-concept and offers an alternative narrative.

Ken Carter, local business owner and basketball coach at Redmond High School, faces the challenge of transforming the poorly performing basketball team.
issues include poor sportsmanship, gang presence, and a losing record.
Harsh tactics implemented:
- Introduction of a basketball contract for players, generating controversy.
- Season halted due to players' failure to maintain a 2.3 GPA.
Carter's actions:
- Communal backlash but a focus on academics over athletics.
- Creates a pivotal moment for player development and potential.

Coach's power influences athlete feedback and their sporting experiences (Rey et al., 2022).
Initial clash between Carter and player Timo Cruz:
- Cruz insults Carter, leading to a power struggle.
- Carter enforces authority effectively by resolving conflict.
French and Raven's five power bases:
- Expert power, referent power, reward power, legitimate power, coercive power.
Coercive power negatively impacts appreciation and enjoyment in sports.

Carter utilizes coercive power:
- Conditioning drills as punishment for rule-breaking (e.g., lateness results in running drills).
Negative perceptions of coercive power:
- Viewed as the least favorable form of influence.
B.F. Skinner’s reinforcement theory relates behavioral responses to rewards and punishments.
The impact of sustained criticism on athletes' self-esteem and self-worth.

Initial scenario: Players blame each other, leading to low self-esteem.
Under Carter’s leadership:
- Shift from being perceived as 'ballers' to athletes with potential.
- Positive outcomes as the team begins to win; increased self-esteem and self-concept noted.
The importance of team support and unity:
- Transition from criticism to celebration, such as supporting Damien Carter's game-winning shot.

Media representation fosters the "dumb jock" stereotype impacting self-concept negatively.
Multiple players struggle academically, leading to significant moments in the narrative (e.g., Junior Battle’s reading struggles).
Carter's stringent academic expectations challenge these stereotypes, advocating for the notion of student-athletes.
An argument illustrating the low graduation rates of Richmond students versus national averages.

The universal appeal of sport to unite communities and develop personal identity (Djoba et al., 2020).
Timo Cruz's transformative experience following tragedy, recognizing basketball as an alternative path.
Example of community efforts, like Young3 basketball clinics, aiming to uplift urban youth.

Coaches and mentors hold the responsibility to provide youth with healthier life choices and build self-esteem.
Different power types (reward, expert, coercive) may be utilized based on situational necessity.
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