Histology Study Notes

Universidad: Universidad de Zamboanga
Slogan/ mottos: "La MCMXLVIII"; "Educacion es Libertad"
Course: Histology
Main Reference Book: Esteban and Gonzales 6th edition
Institution/Branding lines: f UZSince 1948; UZTV1948; UdeZAccount; UZSince 1948; uzsInce 1948
The UZ Way of Life: Perseverance and Selfless Service
Website: uz.edu.ph

Objectives:
1. Understand the definition and significance of histology in biology and medicine, including its role in studying tissue structure and function.
2. Identify key historical milestones, figures, and technological advancements that contributed to the development of histology as a scientific discipline.
3. Recognize modern histological techniques and their impact on contemporary biomedical research and clinical diagnostics.
By: Monaliza C. Salihk. RMT

Histology is the study of the microscopic structure of tissues.
It helps understand tissue architecture and cellular organization essential for biology and medicine.
It is key for diagnosing diseases and studying normal physiological processes.
By: Monaliza C. Salihk. RMT

$1661$ : Marcello Malpighi observed blood flow in capillaries, confirming circulation.
$1665$ : Robert Hooke coined "cell" examining cork under a microscope.
Marcello Malpighi is credited with the discovery of capillaries in $1661$ , a milestone that provided the missing anatomical link between arteries and veins which completed William Harvey's theory of blood circulation.
Using early microscopes, Malpighi observed the tiny vessels—capillaries—that allowed the blood to flow from arteries to veins without leaving the vascular system.

Early $1800s$ : Xavier Bichat described $21$ tissue types without microscopes.
14 November $1771$ – 22 July $1802$ : French anatomist and pathologist, known as the father of modern histology.
Bichat distinguished $21$ types of elementary tissues from which the organs of the human body are composed.
He first proposed that tissue is a central element in human anatomy, and he considered organs as collections of often disparate tissues.

$1839$ : Theodor Schwann stated that all living beings are composed of cells (Cell Theory).
Histology developed to focus on cellular composition of tissues.
Cell theory states:
- All living things or organisms are made of cells and their products.
- New cells are created by old cells dividing into two.
- Cells are the basic building units of life.

The cell was discovered by Robert Hooke in $1665$ .
The first person to make a compound microscope was Zacharias Jansen.
The first to witness a live cell under a microscope was Anton van Leeuwenhoek.
$1839$ : Theodor Schwann stated that all living beings are composed of cells (Cell Theory).
Histology developed to focus on cellular composition of tissues.
Advances in Microscopy (1830s):
- Enhanced microscope optics
- Invention of the microtome for thin slicing
- Staining techniques developed mid-1800s improved tissue visualization

Advances in microscopy contributed to the ability to visualize cells and tissues with greater clarity, enabling histology to analyze cellular composition more accurately.

Define the $2$ types of cells:
- Write a clear definition of each cell type.
- Mention their main structural differences.
- Describe where each type is found (e.g., prokaryotes in bacteria, eukaryotes in plants & animals).
Compare Structure and Function: (Box format)
- Create a comparison table listing key cell features such as:
- Presence of nucleus
- Organelles (mitochondria, chloroplasts, etc.)
- Cell size
- Genetic material organization
- Examples of organisms or tissues composed of these cells
Sketch a simple diagram of each cell type.
Label the main components (e.g., nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, cell wall if applicable).