Prepositions / Conjunctions

لـِ to express belonging

• When the preposition لِ is attached to ال , the alif is dropped

Belonging to the student – للطالب

فـ

• فـ (indicating explanation, consequence, or elaboration) and وـ  serve as sentence starters.

Expressions of purpose/reason

لـ

• MSA - Used to express reason / purpose for doing something. This should be followed by either (a) a verbal noun (مصدر) which should be definite (either through the use of an article, or an iDaafa construction) or (b) a present tense verb

• Roughly translates to ‘in order to’ or ‘for’.

• In Egyptian, عشان would be used instead.

بسبب

• used to give a one word/noun/phrase explanation

• Used as first part of an iDaafa construction

• roughly translates to ‘as a result of to’ or ‘because of’

• Eg: نحب الصيف بسبب الجوه الجميل

• عشان can be used in Egyptian

لأنّ

• Used to give an explanation that requires a full sentence

• Roughly translated to ‘as’ or ‘because’

• If second clause requires a pronoun, this should be attached to li’anna (because it triggers the accusative case)

• eg: هي حزينة لِأَنَّ صديقتها سافرت

All/every

• إضافة plus كُلّ = every

• definite plural noun plus كُلّ = all