Reference Citation
Feature | AMA (Medical & Health Sciences) | APA (Social Sciences & Psychology) | IEEE (Engineering & Technology) | MLA (Humanities & Literature) | Chicago (History & Business) |
Main Use | Medicine, Health Sciences | Social Sciences, Psychology | Engineering, Computer Science | Humanities, Literature | History, Business, Arts |
In-text Citation | Superscript numbers (e.g., Smith¹) | Author-Date (e.g., Smith, 2023) | Numbered brackets (e.g., [1]) | Author-page (e.g., Smith 23) | Two formats: 1. Author-Date (e.g., Smith 2023, 45) 2. Footnotes (e.g., Smith¹) |
Reference List Name | References | References | References | Works Cited | Bibliography (Notes-Bibliography) or References (Author-Date) |
Order in Reference List | Numerical (based on in-text citation order) | Alphabetical (by author’s last name) | Numerical (based on citation order) | Alphabetical (by author’s last name) | Alphabetical (Author-Date) or by citation order (Notes-Bibliography) |
Book Citation Format | Author(s). Title. Edition. Publisher; Year. | Author, A. A. (Year). Title (Xth ed.). Publisher. | [#] A. A. Author, Title, Xth ed. City, Country: Publisher, Year. | Author Last, First. Title. Xth ed., Publisher, Year. | Author Last, First. Year. Title. Xth ed. Publisher. |
Journal Citation Format | Author(s). Title. Journal Name. Year;Volume(Issue):Page numbers. doi:xxxx | Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), pages. DOI | [#] A. A. Author and B. B. Author, "Title," Journal Name, vol. X, no. Y, pp. xx-xx, Year, doi:xxxx | Author Last, First, and Author First Last. "Title." Journal Name, vol. X, no. Y, Year, pp. xx-xx, DOI | Author Last, First. Year. "Title." Journal Name X (Y): xx-xx. DOI |
Website Citation Format | Author/Organization. Title. Published Date. Accessed Date. URL. | Author/Organization. (Year, Month Day). Title. URL. | [#] Author/Organization, "Title," Date. [Online]. Available: URL. [Accessed: Date]. | Author/Organization. "Title." Website Name, Day Month Year, URL. | Author/Organization. Year. "Title." Date. URL. |
Conference Paper Format | Author(s). Title. Presented at: Conference Name; Date; Location. | Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year, Month). Title. Conference Name, Location. | [#] A. A. Author and B. B. Author, "Title," in Conference Name, Location, Year, pp. xx-xx. | Author Last, First, and Author First Last. "Title." Conference Name, Date, Location. | Author Last, First. Year. "Title." Conference Name, Date, Location. |
Unique Features | - Uses superscript numbers for in-text citations - Mostly used in medical and health fields | - Uses author-date format - Emphasizes publication year | - Uses numbered brackets [ ] - Common in technical and scientific papers | - Uses author-page format - No DOI is required | - Two citation styles: 1. Author-Date (similar to APA) 2. Notes-Bibliography (uses footnotes) |