INACE all definitions (official def for exam from class)
Definitions:
1. Acute Illness: An illness of rapid onset and short duration; the person is expected to recover
2. Admission: The official entry of a person into a health care setting
3. Assisted Living Residence (ALR): Provides housing, personal care, support services, health care, and social activities in a home-like setting to persons needing some help with daily activities
4. Chronic Illness: A long-term health condition that may not have a cure; it can be controlled and complications prevented with proper treatment
5. Discharge: The official departure of a person from a health care setting
6. Health Team: The many health care workers whose skills and knowledge focus on the person's total care; interdisciplinary health care team
7. Hospice: A health care agency or program that promotes comfort and quality of life for the dying person and the person's family
8. Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN): A nurse who has completed a practical nursing program and has passed a licensing test; called licensed vocational nurse (LVN) in California and Texas
9. Licensed Vocational Nurse (LVN): A nurse who has completed a practical nursing program and has passed a licensing test; called licensed vocational nurse (LVN) in California and Texas
10. Nursing Assistant: A person who has passed a nursing assistant training and competency evaluation program (NATCEP); performs delegated nursing tasks under the supervision of a licensed nurse
11. Nursing Team: Those who provide nursing care—RNs, LPNs/LVNs, and nursing assistants
12. Registered Nurse (RN): A nurse who has completed a 2-, 3-, or 4-year nursing program and has passed a licensing test
13. Regulations: Rules made by government agencies
14. Survey: The formal review of an agency through the collection of facts and observations
15. Surveyor: A person who collects information by observing and asking questions
16. Terminal Illness: An illness or injury from which the person will not likely recover
17. HIPAA: A federal law that requires the creation of national standards to protect sensitive patient health information from being disclosed.
18. Medicare: A federal program for persons 65 years of age or older (some younger people with certain disabilities apply)
19. Medicaid: Jointly funded by the federal government and the states. Families with low income usually qualify. (64 and under; for unemployed)
20. Advocate: Someone who acts or speaks on behalf of another person
21. Involuntary Seclusion: Separating a person from others against the person's will, keeping the person to a certain area, or keeping the person away from his or her room without consent
22. Ombudsman: Someone who supports or promotes the needs and interests of another person
23. Representative: Someone with the legal right to act on the patient's or resident's behalf when the person cannot do so alone
24. Treatment: The care provided to maintain or restore health, improve function, or relieve symptoms
25. Accountable: To answer to one's self and others about one's choices, decisions, and actions
26. Certification: Official recognition by a state that standards or requirements have been met
27. Delegate: To authorize or direct a nursing assistant to perform a nursing task
28. Delegation: The process a nurse uses to direct a nursing assistant to perform a nursing task; allowing a nursing assistant to perform a nursing task that si beyond the nursing assistant's usual role and not routinely done by the nursing assistant
29. Endorsement: A state recognizes the certificate, license, or registration issued by another state; reciprocity or equivalency
30. Equivalency: A state recognizes the certificate, license, or registration issued by another state; reciprocity or equivalency
31. Job Description: A document that describes what the agency expects you to do
32. Nursing Task: Nursing care or a nursing function, procedure, skill, or activity
33. Reciprocity: A state recognizes the certificate, license, or registration issued by another state; reciprocity or equivalency
34. Abuse: The willful infliction of injury, unreasonable confinement, intimidation, or punishment that results in physical harm, pain, or mental anguish;; Depriving the person (or person’s caregiver) of the goods or services needed to attain or maintain well-being
35. Assault: Intentionally attempting or threatening to touch a person’s body without the person’s consent
36. Battery: Touching a person’s body without consent
37. Boundary Crossing: A brief act or behavior of being over-involved with the person;;; The intent of the act or behavior is to meet the person’s needs
38. Boundary sign: An act, behavior, or thought that warns of a boundary crossing or boundary violation
39. Boundary Violation: An act or behavior that meets your needs, not the person’s
40. Child Abuse & Neglect: The intentional harm or mistreatment of a child under 18 years old that: [Involves any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caregiver] , [Results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse, or exploitation] , [Presents a likely or immediate risk for harm]
41. Civil Law: Laws concerned with relationships between people
42. Crime: An act that violates a criminal law
43. Criminal Law: Laws concerned with offenses against the public and society in general
44. Defamation: Injuring a person’s name and reputation by making false statements to the third person (Libel- made in print) (slander- made orally)
45. Elder Abuse: Any knowing, intentional, or negligent act by a caregiver or any other person to an older adult that causes harm or serious risk of harm
46. Ethics: Knowledge of what is right conduct and wrong conduct
47. False Imprisonment: Unlawful restraint or restriction of a person’s freedom of movement
48. Fraud: saying or doing something to trick, fool, or deceive a person
49. Informed Consent: The process by which a person receives and understands information about a treatment or procedure and is able to decide to receive or refuse the treatment or procedure
50. Intimate partner violence (IPV): Physical violence, sexual violence, stalking, or psychological aggression by a current or former partner
51. Invasion of privacy: Violating a person’s right not to have his or her name, photo, or private affairs exposed or made public without giving consent
52. Law: A rule of conduct made by a government body
53. Libel: Making false statements in print, in writing (including email and text messages), through pictures or drawings, through broadcast (radio, TV, or video), posted on-line on websites, or through video sites and social media sites
54. Malpractice: Negligence by a professional person
55. Neglect: When a caregiver or responsible person fails to: [Protect a vulnerable person from harm] , [Provide food, water, clothing, shelter, health care, or basic activities of daily living to a vulnerable person]
56. Negligence: An unintentional wrong in which a person did not act in a reasonable or careful manner and a person or the person’s property was harmed
57. Professional Boundary: That which separates helpful actions and behaviors from those that are not helpful
58. Professional Sexual Misconduct: A violation of professional interactions with an act, behavior, or comment that is sexual in nature
59. Protected health information: Identifying information and information about the person’s health care that is maintained or sent in any form (paper, electronic, oral)
60. Self-neglect: A person’s behaviors and way of living that threaten the person’s own health, safety, and well-being
61. Slander: Making false statements through the spoken word, sounds, sign language, gestures
62. Standard of care: The skills, care, and judgments required by a health team member under similar conditions
63. Vulnerable Adult: A person 18 years old or older who has a disability or condition that causes the person to be at risk for harm
64. Bullying: Repeated attacks or threats of fear, distress, or harm by a bully toward a target
65. Burnout: A job stress resulting in being physically or mentally exhausted, having doubts about your abilities, and having doubts about the value of your work
66. Confidentiality: Trusting others with personal and private information
67. Gossip: To spread rumors or talk about the private matters of others
68. Harassment: To trouble, torment, offend, or worry a person by one’s behavior or comments
69. Priority: The most important thing at the time
70. Professionalism: Following laws, being ethical, having good work ethics, and having the skills to do your work
71. Stress: The response or change in the body caused by any emotional, psychological, physical, social, or economic factor
72. Teamwork: Staff members work together as a group; everyone does their part to give safe and effective care
73. Work Ethics: Behavior in the workplace
74. Body Language: Messages sent through facial expressions, gestures, posture, hand and body movements, gait, eye contact, and appearance
75. Comatose: Being unable to respond to stimuli; unconscious
76. Communication: The exchange of information—a message sent is received and correctly interpretated by the intended person
77. Culture: The characteristics of a group of people—language, values, beliefs, habits, likes, dislikes, customs—passed from 1 generation to the next
78. Disability: Any lost, absent, or impaired physical or mental function
79. Esteem: The worth, value, or opinion one has of a person
80. Gender Identity: A person’s sense or feelings of being male, female, a combination of male and female, or nether male nor female
81. Holism: A concept that considers the whole person; the whole person has physical, psychological, social, and spiritual parts that are woven together and cannot be separated
82. Need: something necessary or desired for maintaining life and mental well-being
83. Nonverbal Communication: Communication that does not use words
84. Paraphrasing: Re-stating the person’s message in your own words
85. Religion: Spiritual beliefs, needs, and practices
86. Risk factor: Something that increases the chance of illness or injury
87. Self-esteem: Thinking well of oneself and seeing oneself as useful and having value
88. Verbal Communication: Communication that uses written or spoken words
89. Assessment: Collecting information about the person; see “nursing process”
90. Chart: NA or CNA’s chart on a flow chart; The legal account of a person’s condition and response to treatment and care
91. Electronic Health Record (HER): An electronic version of a person’s medical record; electronic medical record
92. Electronic Medical Record (EMR): an electronic version of a person’s medical record
93. End-of-shift Report: A report that the nurse gives at the end of the shift to the on-coming shift; change-of-shift report
94. Evaluation: To measure if goals in the planning step were met; see “nursing process”
95. Implementation: To perform or carry out nursing interventions (nursing measures, nursing actions, nursing tasks) in the care plan; see “nursing process”
96. Medical Record: The legal account of a person’s condition and response to treatment and care; chart
97. Nursing Care Plan: A written guide about the person’s nursing care; care plan
98. Nursing Diagnosis: A health problem that can be treated by nursing measures; see “nursing process”
99. Nursing Intervention: An action or measure taken by the nursing team to help the person reach a goal; nursing action, nursing measure, nursing task
100. Nursing Process: The method nurses use to plan and deliver nursing care; its 5 steps are assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation
101. Objective data: Information that is seen, heard, felt, or smelled by an observer (signs)
102. Observation: Using the senses of sight, hearing, touch, and smell to collect information
103. Planning: Setting priorities and goals; see “nursing process”
104. Recording: The written account of care and observations (charting, documentation)
105. Reporting: The oral account of care and observations
106. Signs: something you can identify on a patient/resident with your 5 senses
107. Subjective data: Things a person tells you about that you cannot observe through your senses; symptoms
108. Symptoms: something that a patient/resident is experiencing that you would only know about if they told you (subjective data)
109. Abbreviation: A shortened form of a word or phrase
110. Prefix: A word element at the beginning of a word; it changes the meaning of the word
111. Root: A word element that contains the basic meaning of the word
112. Suffix: A word element at the end of the word; it changes the meaning of the word
113. Word Element: A part of a word
114. Artery: A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
115. Capillary: Avery tiny blood vessel; nutrients, oxygen, and other substances pass from capillaries into the cells
116. Cell: The basic unit of body structure
117. Digestion: The process that breaks down food physically and chemically so it can be absorbed for use by the cells
118. Hemoglobin: The substance in red blood cells that carries oxygen and gives blood its red color
119. Hormone: A chemical substance secreted by the endocrine glands into the bloodstream
120. Immunity: Protection against a disease or condition; the person wil not get or be affected by the disease
121. Joint: The point at which 2 or more bones meet to allow movement
122. Menstruation: The process in which the lining of the uterus (endometrium) breaks up and is discharged from the body through the vagina
123. Metabolism: How the body uses nutrients to provide energy and maintain body functions
124. Organ: Groups of tissue that function together
125. Peristalsis: Involuntary muscle contractions in the digestive system that move food down the esophagus through the alimentary canal
126. Reflex: The body's response (function or movement) to a stimulus
127. Respiration: The process of supplying cells with oxygen and removing carbon dioxide from them
128. Stimulus: Anything that excites or causes a body part to function, become active, or respond
129. System: Organs that work together to perform special functions
130. Tissue: A group of cells with similar functions
131. Vein: A blood vessel that returns blood to the heart
132. Development: Changes in mental, emotional, and social function
133. Developmental Task: A skill that must be completed during a stage of development for development to continue
134. Geriatrics: The care of aging people
135. Gerontology: The study of the aging process
136. Growth: The physical changes that are measured and that occur ni a steady, orderly manner
137. Menopause: The time when menstruation stops and menstrual cycles end; there has been at least 1year without a menstrual period
138. Sexuality: The physical, emotional, social, cultural, and spiritual factors that affect a person's feelings, attitudes, and behaviors about one's gender identity and sexual behavior
139. Coma: A prolonged state of unconsciousness
140. Dementia: The loss of cognitive and social function caused by changes in the brain
141. Disaster: A harmful event that can affect the agency, patient or resident population, community, or larger geographic area
142. Elopement: When a patient or resident leaves the agency without staff knowledge
143. Hazard: Anything in the person's setting that could cause injury or illness
144. Hazardous Chemical: Any chemical that is a physical hazard or a health hazard
145. Incident: Any event that has harmed or could harm a patient, resident, visitor, or staff member
146. Paralysis: Loss of muscle function
147. Poison: Any substance harmful to the body when ingested, inhaled, injected, or absorbed through the skin
148. Suffocation: When breathing stops from the lack of oxygen; asphyxia
149. Unconscious: Being unaware of one's setting and being unable to react or respond to people, places, or things
150. Workplace Violence: Violent acts (including assault or threat of assault) directed toward persons at work or while on duty
151. Bed Rail: A device that serves as a guard or barrier along the side of the bed; side rail
152. Gait Belt: A device applied around the waist and used to support a person who is unsteady or disabled; transfer belt
153. Position Change Alarm: Any physical or electronic device that monitors a person's movement and alerts staff of movement
154. Transfer Belt: A device applied around the waist and used to support a person who is unsteady or disabled; gait belt
155. Chemical Restraint: Any drug used for discipline or convenience and not required to treat medical symptoms
156. Enabler: A device that limits freedom of movement but is used to promote independence, comfort, or safety
157. Physical Restraint: Any manual method or physical or mechanical device, material, or equipment that: [Is attached to or near the person's body], [Cannot be removed easily by the person], [Restricts freedom of movement or normal access to the body]
158. Antibiotic: A drug that kills bacteria
159. Asepsis: The absence (a) of a disease-producing microbes; sepsis means infection
160. Biohazardous Waste: Items contaminated with blood or other potentially infectious materials (OPIM); regulated medical waste, infectious waste.
161. Bloodborne Pathogens: Microbes that are present in blood and can cause infection.
162. Carrier: A human or animal that is a reservoir for microbes but does not develop the infection
163. Clean Technique: The technique of using specific practices to reduce the number of microbes and prevent their spread from one person or place to another person or place
164. Communicable Disease: A disease caused by a pathogen that can spread to others; contagious disease
165. Contagious Disease: A disease caused by a pathogen that can spread to others
166. Contamination: The process of becoming unclean
167. Cross-Contamination: Passing microbes from 1 person to another by contaminated hands, equipment, or supplies
168. Disinfection: The process of killing pathogens
169. Healthcare-Associated Infection (HAI): An infection that develops in a person cared for in any setting where health care is given; the infection is related to receiving health care
170. Infection: A disease state resulting from the invasion and growth of microbes in the body
171. Infection Control: Practices and procedures that prevent the spread of infection.
172. Medical Asepsis: Practices used to reduce the number of microbes and prevent their spread from 1 person or place to another person or place; clean technique
173. Microbe: A small (micro) living thing (organism) seen only with a microscope; microorganism
174. Microorganism: A small (micro) living thing (organism) seen only with a microscope; microbe
175. Non-Pathogen: A microbe that does not usually cause an infection
176. Normal Flora: Microbes that live and grow in a certain area
177. Pathogen: A microbe that is harmful and can cause an infection
178. Sterile: The absence of all microbes
179. Sterile Technique: Practices used to remove ALL microbes; surgical asepsis
180. Sterilization: The process of destroying ALL microbes
181. Surgical Asepsis: Practices used to remove ALL microbes; sterile technique.
182. Infection Control: Practices and procedures that prevent the spread of infection.
183. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): The clothing or equipment worn by staff for protection against a hazard.
184. Base of support: The area on which an object rests
185. Body alignment: The way the head, trunk, arms, and legs align with one another; posture
186. Body mechanics: Using the body in an efficient and careful way
187. Dorsal recumbent position: The back-lying or supine position
188. Ergonomics: The science of designing a job to fit the worker; ergo means work, nomos means law
189. Fowler’s Position: A semi-sitting position; the head of the bed is raised between 45 and 60 degrees (Ex: if visitors present, if watching tv, etc.)
190. High-Fowler’s Position: A variation of Fowler's position; the head of the bed is raised 60 to 90 degrees (Ex: for eating, brushing teeth, etc.)
191. Lateral Position: The person lies on 1 side or the other; side-lying position
192. Left semi-prone position: The person lies on the left side of the abdomen; the upper leg (right leg) is sharply flexed (bent) so it is not on the lower leg (left leg; the lower arm (left arm) is behind the person
193. Musculo-skeletal disorders (MSDs): Injuries and disorders of the muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, and cartilage
194. Posture: The way the head, trunk, arms, and legs align with one another; body alignment
195. Prone Position: The person lies on the abdomen with the head turned to 1 side
196. Reverse Trendelenburg’s Position: The head of the bed is raised. The foot of the bed is lowered. The bed frame is tilted. DOCTOR ORDER NEEDED FOR THIS POSITION
197. Semi-Fowler’s Position: A variation of Fowler's position; the head of the bed is raised 30 degrees
198. Side-lying position: The person lies on 1 side or the other; lateral position
199. Supine Position: The back-lying or dorsal recumbent position
200. Trendelenburg’s Position: The head of the bed is lowered. The foot of the bed is raised. The bed frame is tilted. DOCTORS ORDER NEEDED FOR THIS POSITION.
201. Bed mobility: How a person moves to and from a lying position, turns from side to side, and re-positions in a bed or other sleeping furniture
202. Friction: The rubbing of 1 surface against another
203. Logrolling: Turning the person as a unit, in alignment, with 1 motion
204. Shearing: When the skin sticks to a surface while muscles slide in the direction the body is moving
205. Lateral transfer: When a person moves between 2 horizontal surfaces
206. Pivot: To turn one’s body from a set standing position
207. Transfer: How a person moves to and from a surface
208. Admission: The official entry of a person into a health care setting
209. Entrapment: Getting caught, trapped, or entangled in spaces created by the bed rails, the mattress, the bed frame, the head-board, or the foot-board
210. Full Visual Privacy: Having the means to be completely free from public view while in bed
211. Person’s Unit: The space, furniture, and equipment used by the person in the agency
212. Bath Blanket: A covering used for privacy and warmth during bathing, hygiene, and other care measures.
213. Drawsheet: A small sheet placed over the middle of the bed on top of the bottom sheet to keep the mattress and bottom linens clean
214. Occupied: In use
215. Waterproof Under-Pad: An absorbent pad with a quilted top layer and a waterproof bottom layer
216. Closed Bed: Not in use. The bed is ready for a new patient or resident. In nursing centers, closed beds are made for residents who are up during the day. [For new patient/resident & nursing center resident that is up for most /all of the day] [Final Look: Pillow under bedspread. Bedspread tucked under the pillow.]
217. Open Bed: Ready for use. Top linens are fan-folded to the foot (end) of the bed so the person can get bed. [For: newly admitted persons arriving by wheelchair, persons getting ready for bed, or persons who are out of bed for a short time] [Final Look: Same look as closed bed, except the top-linens are fan-folded to the foot of the bed.]
218. Occupied Bed: Made with the person in it. [For: hospice people, person on bed restraint, made more in hospital, etc.] [Final Look: someone is in the bed the whole time, looks like normal bed when finished.]
219. Surgical Bed: Made to transfer a person from a stretcher to bed. This includes an ambulance stretcher. For this bed make, the bed is left in the highest position (only time this happens), the call light is not placed on the bed, and the pillow is not on the bed). If someone is coming from surgery, then the sheets MUST be clean. [For: persons returning to room from surgery, person who arrive at the agency by ambulance, person who goes by stretcher to treatment or therapy areas, or people using portable tubs][Final Look: Top linens are folded to the side to transfer the person from the stretcher to the bed]
220. Aspiration: Breathing fluid, food, vomitus, or an object into the lungs
221. Denture: A removable replacement for missing teeth
222. Hygiene: The cleanliness practices that promote health and prevent disease
223. Oral Hygiene: The practices that promote healthy tissues and structures of the mouth; mouth care
224. Bath Blanket: A covering used for privacy and warmth during bathing, hygiene, and other care measures
225. Circumcised: The fold of skin (foreskin) covering the glans of the penis was surgically removed
226. Pericare: Cleaning the genital and anal areas
227. Perineal Care: Cleaning the genital and anal areas
228. Uncircumcised: Foreskin covers the head of the penis
229. Bed Bath temp: 110ºF-115ºF
230. Tub temp: 105ºF
231. Perineal Care temp: 105ºF-109ºF
232. Alopecia: Hair loss
233. Dandruff: Excessive amounts of dry, white flakes from the scalp
234. Hirsutism: Excessive body hair
235. Lice: Infestation with wingless insects that feed on blood
236. Pediculosis: Infestation with wingless insects that feed on blood; lice
237. Scabies: A skin disorder caused by a female mite
238. Affected side: The side of the body with weakness from illness or injury; weak side
239. Garment: An item of clothing
240. Unaffected side: The side of the body opposite the affected side; strong side
241. Under-garment: An item of clothing worn next to the skin under clothing
242. Dysuria: Painful or difficult (dys) urination (uria); burning on urination
243. Functional Incontinence: The person has bladder control but cannot use the toilet in time
244. Hematuria: Blood (hemat) in the urine (uria)
245. Mixed Incontinence: The combination of stress incontinence and urge incontinence
246. Nocturia: Frequent urination (uria) at night (noc)
247. Oliguria: Scant amount (olig) of urine (uria); less than 500 mL in 24 hours
248. Over-flow Incontinence: Small amounts of urine leak from a full bladder
249. Polyuria: Abnormally large amounts (poly) of urine (uria)
250. Reflex Incontinence: Urine is lost at predictable intervals when a specific amount of urine is in the bladder
251. Stress Incontinence: When urine leaks during exercise and certain movements that cause pressure on the bladder
252. Transient Incontinence: Temporary or occasional incontinence that si reversed when the cause is treated
253. Urge Incontinence: The loss of urine ni response to a sudden, urgent need ot void; the person cannot get to a toilet in time
254. Urinary Frequency: Voiding at frequent intervals
255. Urinary Incontinence: (UI) The involuntary loss or leakage of urine
256. Urinary Retention: Not being able to completely empty the bladder
257. Urinary Urgency: The need to void at once
258. Urination: The process of emptying urine from the bladder; voiding
259. Voiding: The process of emptying urine from the bladder; urination
260. Catheter: A tube used to drain or inject fluid through a body opening
261. Catheterization: The process of inserting a catheter
262. Condom Catheter: A soft sheath that slides over the penis and is used to drain urine
263. Indwelling Catheter: A catheter left in the bladder so urine drains constantly into a drainage bag; retention or Foley Catheter
264. Straight Catheter: A catheter that drains the bladder and then is removed
265. Colostomy: A surgically created opening (stomy) between the colon (colo) and the body's surface
266. Constipation: The passage of a hard, dry stool
267. Defecation: The process of excreting feces from the rectum through the anus; bowel movement
268. Dehydration: A decrease in the amount of water in the body
269. Diarrhea: The frequent passage of liquid stools
270. Enema: The introduction of fluid into the rectum and lower colon
271. Fecal Impaction: The prolonged retention and buildup of feces in the rectum
272. Fecal Incontinence: The inability to control the passage of feces and flatus through the anus
273. Feces: The semi-solid mass of waste products in the colon that is expelled through the anus; stool or stools
274. Flatulence: The excessive formation of gas or air in the stomach and intestines
275. Flatus: Gas or air passed through the anus
276. Ileostomy: A surgically created opening (stomy) between the ileum (small intestine [ileo]) and the body's surface
277. Melena: A black, tarry stool
278. Ostomy: A surgically created opening that connects an internal organ to the body’s surface; see "colostomy" and "ileostomy"
279. Stoma: A surgically created opening seen on the body's surface; see "colostomy" and "ileostomy"
280. Stool: Excreted feces; stools
281. Suppository: A cone-shaped, solid drug that is inserted into a body opening; it melts at body temperature
282. Calorie: The fuel or energy value of food
283. Cholesterol: A soft, waxy substance found in the bloodstream and all body cells
284. Dysphagia: Difficulty (dys) swallowing (phagia)
285. Nutrient: A substance that is ingested, digested, absorbed, and used by the body
286. Nutrition: The processes involved in the ingestion, digestion, absorption, and use of food and fluids by the body
287. Anorexia: The loss of appetite
288. Aspiration: Breathing fluid, food, vomitus, or an object into the lungs
289. Dysphagia: Difficulty (dys) swallowing (phagia)
290. Enteral Nutrition: Giving nutrients into the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract (enteral) through a feeding tube
291. Gavage: The process of giving a tube feeding
292. Regurgitation: The backward flow of stomach contents into the mouth
293. Dehydration: A decrease in the amount of water in the body
294. Edema: The swelling of body tissues with water
295. Flow rate: The number of drops per minute (gtt/min) or milliliters per hour (mL/hr)
296. Graduate: A measuring container for fluid
297. Intake: The amount of fluid taken in; input
298. Intravenous (IV) Therapy: Giving fluids through a tube inserted into a vein; IV and IV infusion
299. Output: The amount of fluid lost
300. Afebrile: Without (a) a fever (febrile)
301. Blood Pressure (BP): The amount of force exerted against the walls of an artery by the blood
302. Body Temperature: The amount of heat in the body that is a balance between the amount of heat produced and the amount lost by the body
303. Bradycardia: A slow (brady) heart rate (cardia); less than 60 beats per minute
304. Diastolic Pressure: The pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest
305. Febrile: With a fever
306. Fever: Elevated body temperature
307. Hypertension: High Blood Pressure
308. Hypotension: Low blood pressure
309. Pulse: The beat of the heart felt at an artery as a wave of blood passes through the artery
310. Pulse Rate: The number of heartbeats or pulses in 1 minute
311. Respiration: Breathing air into (inhalation) and out of (exhalation) the lungs
312. Stethoscope: An instrument used to listen to the sounds produced by the heart, lungs, and other body organs
313. Systolic Pressure: The pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts
314. Tachycardia: A rapid (tachy) heart rate (cardia); more than 100 beats per minute
315. Thermometer: A device used to measure (meter)temperature (thermo)
316. Vital Signs: Temperature, pulse, respirations, and blood pressure; pulse oximetry and pain are included in some agencies
317. Abduction: Moving a body part away from the mid-line of the body
318. Adduction: Moving a body part toward the mid-line of the body
319. Ambulation: The act of walking
320. Atrophy: The decrease in size or wasting away of tissue
321. Bed Rest: Restricting a person to bed and limiting activity for health reasons
322. Contracture: Decreased motion and stiffness of a joint caused by shortening (contracting) of a muscle
323. Deconditioning: The loss of muscle strength from inactivity
324. Dorsiflexion: Bending the toes and foot up at the ankle
325. Extension: Straightening a body part
326. External Rotation: Turning the joint outward
327. Flexion: Bending a body part
328. Footdrop: The foot falls down at the ankle; permanent plantar flexion
329. Hyperextension: Excessive straightening of a body part
330. Immobility: The inability to move
331. Internal Rotation: Turning the joint inward
332. Mobility: A person's ability to move
333. Opposition: Touching an opposite finger with the thumb
334. Orthotic: A device used to support a muscle, promote a certain motion, or correct a deformity; ortho means to straighten
335. Plantar Flexion: Bending the foot down at the ankle
336. Postural Hypotension: Abnormally low (hypo) blood pressure when the person suddenly stands up (postural); orthostatic hypotension
337. Pronation: Turning the joint downward
338. Range of Motion (ROM): The movement of a joint to the extent possible without causing pain
339. Rotation: Turning the joint
340. Supination: Turning the joint upward
341. Acute Pain: Pain that is sharp or severe; felt suddenly from injury, disease, trauma, or surgery
342. Chronic Pain: Pain that continues for a long time (longer than 12 weeks, occurs off and on, or is persistent [constant])
343. Comfort: A state of well-being; the person has no physical or emotional pain and is calm and at ease
344. Discomfort: To ache, hurt, or be sore; pain
345. Insomnia: A chronic condition in which the person cannot sleep or stay asleep all night
346. Pain: To ache, hurt, or be sore; discomfort
347. Rest: To be calm, at ease, and relaxed with no anxiety or stress
348. Sleep apnea: Pauses (a) in breathing (pnea) that occur during sleep
349. Sleep deprivation: the amount and quality of sleep are not adequate, causing reduced function and alertness
350. Sleepwalking: When the person leaves the bed and walks about while sleeping
351. Acetone: A substance appearing in urine from the rapid breakdown of fat for energy; Ketone
352. Glucometer: A device for measuring (meter) blood glucose (gluco); glucose meter
353. Glucosuria: Sugar (glucose) in the urine (uria)
354. Hematuria: Blood (hemat) in the urine (uria)
355. Hemoptysis: Bloody (hemo) sputum (ptysis means to spit)
356. Ketone: A substance appearing in urine from the rapid breakdown of fat for energy; acetone, ketone body
357. Ketone Body: A substance appearing in urine from the rapid breakdown of fat for energy; ketone
358. Melena: A black, tarry stool
359. Sputum: Mucus from the respiratory system that is expectorated (expelled) through the mouth
360. Constrict: To narrow
361. Dilate: To expand or open wider
362. Skin Tear: A break or rip in the outer layers of the skin; the epidermis (top skin layer) separates from the underlying tissues
363. Ulcer: A shallow or deep crater-like sore of the skin or mucous membrane
364. Wound: A break in the skin or mucous membrane
365. Bony Prominence: An area where the bone sticks out or projects from the flat surface of the body; pressure point
366. Intact Skin: Normal skin and skin layers without damage or breaks
367. Pressure Injury: Localized damage to the skin and underlying soft tissue; the injury is usually over a bony prominence or related to a medical or other device and results from pressure or pressure in combination with shear
368. Pressure Point: An area where the bone sticks out or projects from the flat surface of the body; bony prominence
369. Shear: When layers of the skin rub against each other; when the skin remains in place and underlying tissues move and stretch, tearing underlying capillaries and blood vessels and causing tissue damage
370. Ulcer: A shallow or deep crater-like sore of the skin or mucous membrane
371. Apnea: The lack or absence (a) of breathing (pnea)
372. Bradypnea: Slow (brady) breathing (pnea); respirations are fewer than 12 per minute
373. Cheyne-Stokes respirations: Respirations gradually increase in rate and depth and then become shallow and slow; breathing may stop (apnea) for 10 to 20 seconds
374. Cyanosis: Bluish color (cyano) to the skin, lips, mucous membranes, and nail beds
375. Dyspnea: Difficult, labored, or painful (dys) breathing (pnea)
376. Hyperventilation: Breathing (ventilation) is rapid (hyper) and deeper than normal
377. Hypoventilation: Breathing (ventilation) is slow (hypo), shallow, and sometimes irregular
378. Hypoxia: Cells do not have enough (hypo) oxygen (oxia)
379. Kussmaul respirations: Very deep and rapid respirations
380. Orthopnea: Breathing (pnea) deeply and comfortably only when sitting (ortho)
381. Orthopneic position: Sitting up (ortho) and leaning over a table to breathe (pneic)
382. Oxygen concentration: The amount (percent [%]) of hemoglobin containing oxygen
383. Pulse oximetry: Measures (metry) the oxygen (oxi) concentration in arterial blood
384. Tachypnea: Rapid (tachy) breathing (pnea); respirations are more than 20 per minute
385. Activities of daily living (ADL): The activities usually done during a normal day in a person's life
386. Disability: Any lost, absent, or impaired physical or mental function
387. Prosthesis: An artificial replacement for a missing body part
388. Rehabilitation: The process of restoring a person's highest possible level of physical, psychological, social, and economic function
389. Restorative aide: A nursing assistant with special training in restorative nursing and rehabilitation skills
390. Restorative Nursing Care: Care that helps persons regain health and strength for safe and independent living
391. Aphasia: The total or partial loss (a) of the ability to use or understand language (phasia)
392. Blindness: The absence of sight
393. Braille: A touch reading and writing system that uses raised dots for each letter of the alphabet; the first 10 letters also represent the numbers 0 through 9
394. Deafness: Hearing loss in which it is impossible for the person to understand speech through hearing alone
395. Hearing Loss: Not being able to hear the range of sounds associated with normal hearing
396. Low Vision: Vision loss that cannot be corrected with eyeglasses, contact lenses, drugs, or surgery; vision loss interferes with every-day activities
397. Tinnitus: A ringing, roaring, hissing, or buzzing sound in the ears or head
398. Vertigo: Dizziness
399. Arthritis: Joint (arthr) inflammation (itis)
400. Arthroplasty: The surgical replacement (plasty) of a joint (arthro)
401. Benign Tumor: A tumor that does not spread to other body parts
402. Cancer: A tumor that invades and destroys nearby tissues and can spread to other body parts; malignant tumor
403. Emesis: The food and fluids expelled from the stomach through the mouth; vomitus
404. Fracture: A broken bone
405. Hemiplegia: Paralysis (plegia) on 1 side (hemi) of the body
406. Hyperglycemia: High (hyper) sugar (glyc) in the blood (emia)
407. Hypertension: High blood pressure
408. Hypoglycemia: Low (hypo) sugar (glyc) in the blood (emia)
409. Malignant Tumor: A tumor that invades and destroys nearby tissues and can spread to other body parts
410. Metastasis: The spread of cancer to other body parts
411. Paralysis: Loss of muscle function
412. Paraplegia: Paralysis in the legs and lower trunk
413. Pneumonia: Inflammation and infection of lung tissue
414. Quadriplegia: Paralysis in the arms, legs, and trunk; tetraplegia
415. Tumor: A new growth of abnormal cells that is benign or malignant
416. Vomitus: The food and fluids expelled from the stomach through the mouth
417. Addiction: A chronic disease involving substance-seeking behaviors and use that is compulsive and hard to control despite the harmful effects
418. Anxiety: A feeling of worry, nervousness, or fear about an event or situation
419. Compulsion: An overwhelming urge to repeat certain rituals, acts, or behaviors
420. Coping: Strategies to manage stress and reduce negative emotions caused by stress
421. Defense Mechanism: An unconscious reaction that blocks unpleasant or threatening feelings
422. Delusion: A false belief
423. Delusion Of Grandeur: An exaggerated belief about one's importance, fame, wealth, power, or talents
424. Delusion Of Persecution: A false belief that one is being mistreated, abused, or harassed
425. Detoxification: The process of removing a toxic substance from the body
426. Flashback: Reliving a trauma over and over in thoughts during the day and in nightmares during sleep
427. Hallucination: Seeing, hearing, smelling, feeling, or tasting something that is not real
428. Mental Health: Involves a person's emotional, psychological, and social well-being
429. Mental Health Disorder: A serious illness that can affect a person's thinking, mood, behavior, function, and ability to relate to others; psychiatric disorder
430. Obsession: A frequent, upsetting, and unwanted thought, idea, or image
431. Panic: An intense and sudden feeling of fear, anxiety, or dread
432. Personality: The set of attitudes, values, behaviors, and traits of a person
433. Phobia: An intense fear of something that has little or no real danger
434. Psychosis: A condition that affects the mind and causes a loss of contact with reality
435. Stress: The response or change in the body caused by any emotional, psychological, physical, social, or economic factor
436. Stressor: The event or factor that causes stress
437. Suicide: To end one's life on purpose
438. Suicide Contagion: Exposure to suicide or suicidal behaviors within one's family, one's peer group, or through media reports of suicide
439. Withdrawal Syndrome: The physical and mental response after stopping or severely reducing the use of a substance that was used regularly
440. Cognitive Function: Involves memory, thinking, reasoning, ability to understand, judgment, and behavior
441. Confusion: A state of being disoriented to person, time, place, situation, or identity
442. Delirium: A state of sudden, severe confusion and rapid changes in brain function
443. Delusion: A false belief
444. Dementia: The loss of cognitive function that interferes with daily life and activities
445. Elopement: When a patient or resident leaves the agency without staff knowledge
446. Hallucination: Seeing, hearing, smelling, feeling, or tasting something that is not real
447. Paranoia: A disorder (para) of the mind (noia); false beliefs (delusions) and suspicion about a person or situation
448. Sundowning: Signs, symptoms, and behaviors of dementia increase during hours of darkness
449. Anaphylaxis: A life-threatening sensitivity to an antigen
450. Cardiac Arrest: The heart stops suddenly and without warning; Sudden cardiac arrest
451. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR): An emergency procedure performed when the heart and breathing stop
452. Convulsion: Violent and sudden contractions or tremors of muscle groups caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain; seizure
453. Fainting: The sudden loss of consciousness from an inadequate blood supply to the brain; syncope
454. First Aid: The emergency care given to an ill or injured person before medical help arrives
455. Hemorrhage: The excessive loss (rrhage) of blood (hemo) in a short time
456. Respiratory Arrest: Breathing stops but heart action continues for several minutes
457. Resuscitate: To revive from apparent death or unconsciousness using emergency measures
458. Seizure: Violent and sudden contractions or tremors of muscle groups caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain
459. Shock: Results when tissues and organs do not get enough blood
460. Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA): The heart stops suddenly and without warning
461. Advance Directive: A document stating a person's wishes about health care when that person is unable to make decisions
462. Autopsy: The examination of the body after death
463. End-Of-Life Care: The support and care given during the time surrounding death
464. Palliative Care: Care that relieves or reduces the intensity of uncomfortable symptoms without producing a cure
465. Post-Mortem Care: Care of the body after (post) death (mortem)
466. Rigor Mortis: The stiffness or rigidity (rigor) of skeletal muscles that occurs after death (mortis)
467. Terminal Illness: An illness or injury from which the person will not likely recover