Evaluation to bottom-up approach

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P - There is evidence to support from Canter and Haritage (1990)

Ev - They conducted an analysis of 66 sexual assault cases. Several behaviours were identified as common in different samples of behaviour, such as use of impersonal language and lack of reaction to the victim

Ex - This supports one of the basic principles of the investigate psychology that people are consistent in their behaviour

P - A strength of geographical profiling is there is evidence to support from Lundrigan and Canter (2001)

Ev - They collated information from 120 murder cases involving serial killers in the US. Analysis revealed that spatial consistency in the behaviour of the killers. The location of each body disposal site created a ‘centre of gravity’. The offenders base was invariably located in the centre of the pattern.

Ex - This supports how geographical information can be extremely useful in identifying an offender

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P - However, geographical information may not be as effective on its own

Ev - Geographical profiling may be reliant on the quality of data that police can provide. An estimated 75% of crimes are not reported to the police. Critics claim that other factors are just as important in creating a profile, such as the timing of the offence, the age, the experience

Ex - This suggests that geographical information alone may not always lead to successful capture of an offender