Group Influence
No suit lecture
First day of fall
times the numbers in the url by 10
take the inverse of emotional stability(neurotisism); take it out of 100, subtract it from 100
100 - ur emotional stabilty score
1.55, 3.5, 3.9, 3.9, 4.6
A big part of our identity is reliant on the groups we subscribe to.
Social Identity Theory: how people define part of themselves through the social groups they belong to, from nationality and religion to social class.
Group: two or more interdependent individuals who influence one another through explicit or implcit social interaction.
roles, social norms, shared goals, etc.
Social Influence: is broadly any change in an individual’s opinions or actions that is caused by others, who may be present or whose presence might be imagined/may be perceived or implied.
mirrors on halloween, proctoring exams, cameras everywhere—fake or real
Conformity - the adjustment of one’s opinions or actions so that they are consistent with those that is the opinions and actions of others in a group.
~ changing the way we go about something when in the presence of a group.
i. Informational Social Influence: adjustment of opinions/actions based on the perception that the group has more accurrate / reliable information, reguarding an unclear or ambiguous situations.
- among us, mafia; following group leader
ii. Normative Social Influence: adjustments of opinions / actions based on the desire to be consistent with percieved social norms, standards, or conventions.
- our desire to create social cohesion in groups; agreeableness
iii. Situational Factors: a unanimous group confers greater conformity.
: modality of response influences conformity.
the way ur asked to respond (anon vs in-person)
: perceived status of other group memebrs influence conformity.
Compliance - a change in behavior or opinion in response to a direct request.
a type of conformity
a) syllabus and doing what is tasked of you within the syllabus
Obediance - The person making the request is a perceived or real authority figure doing the asking (on behalf of their authority).
a type of comlpiance
Obediance: behavioral compliance with a request issued by an individual in a position of authority.
~ a person with comparitevly more social power.
Social Power - the capacity to influence others, even when the influence is not claimed.
Derives from:
~ control over rewards
~ laws and constitution
MILGRAM Learner Experiment; Authority and Obediance
~ individual attraction
to/orientation to the
power holder.
THE HOLOCAUST
~ mutal agreements
about power, inherent
to positions & roles.
Social Loafing - The tendency to exert less effort when when working towards a common goal as part of a group.
Motivated by perception of accountability.
Diffusion of social roles
Yoon Gamin and his group = breaking this
i. The Bystander Effect: the decreased tendency to help in an urgent situation as the number of participating individuals increases.
The black gate opening and hunters coming together = breaking this
ii. Deindividuation: a tendency towards loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in situations fostering arousal and anonymity.
ACCOUNTABILITY becomes peripheral or gone when things become out of control and don’t feel like they’re accountable
riot crimes
LOSS of accountability
iii. Group polarization: a tendency for opinions and ideas to become more extreme (polarized) than actual privately held opinions and ideas in group settings.
facebook groups
reddit
Group polarization is most likely to occur in a group in which:
individuals share a similar opinion
How This Relates to the Internet:
Selective Exposure - a strategy to minimize cognitive dissonance in which individuals maximize exposure to ideas that are consistent with their pre-existing ideas and to minimize exposure to ideas that challenge/threaten their positions.
Cognitive Dissonance: the reduction of cognitive stress that results from maintaining inconsistent or conflicting beliefs.
they do ths by getting rid of one belief.
change how they act/think
overcoming the discomfort that comes from two ideas that don’t mesh well together.
fighting ideas within yourself.
QUIZ STUFF
Using the Asch procedure, conformity to group judgments would be LEAST likely when participants are not observed by other group members when giving their answers.
The conformity demonstrated in Sherif's study using autokinetic effect stems from _______ social influence, and the conformity demonstrated in Asch's study of line-length judgment stems from _______ social influence.
informational; normative
Circumstances that increase _______ are likely to reduce _______.
self-awareness; deindividuation
Solomon Asch reported that individuals conformed to a group's judgment of the lengths of lines:
even when the group judgment was clearly incorrect.
Conformity resulting from the acceptance of others' opinions about reality is said to be a response to:
informational social influence.
Normative social influence results from peoples' desire to gain social approval.
Adjusting our behavior or thinking toward a group standard is called: conformity.
The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity is called: deindividuation.
When we engage in selective exposure, we are most probably attempting to: minimize cognitize dissonance.
The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through group discussion is called: group polarization.
Social norms are best described as: rules for socially expected and accepted behavior.