Lesson 1-combined
Page 1: Welcome to Nursing 110
Course Introduction
welcome to Nursing 110
Spring 2025
Instructors:
Jennifer Macchiarola, DNP, RN, FNP-BC
Danielle Hunton, MA, RN-BC, CCRN, CWCN, CNE
Page 2: Motivation
Encouragement
You Got This!
Will it be easy? Nope.
Worth it? Absolutely.
Action Step: Make an appointment with your success coach THIS WEEK.
Page 3: Course Content Overview
Week 1
Introduction to Nursing
Key Chapters: Chapter 1 & 2
Focus on Nursing fundamentals
Page 4: History of Nursing
Overview of Nursing History
Beliefs in Early Civilizations:
Illness attributed to supernatural causes.
Health brought by good spirits, while evil spirits caused illness.
19th Century Nurses:
Florence Nightingale: Founder of modern nursing.
Nursing as both an art and a science.
Harriet Tubman: Nurse and abolitionist.
Lillian Wald: Founder of public health nursing in NY.
Page 5: Inspirational Quote by Florence Nightingale
"Let us never consider ourselves finished nurses... we must be learning all of our lives."
Florence Nightingale
Page 6: Influential Historical Documents
Key Publications
1859: Notes on Nursing by Florence Nightingale
1973: ANA publishes first Standards of Nursing Practice
1985: NIH organizes the Center for Nursing Research
2004: ANA publishes Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice
2021: ANA publishes Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, 4th Ed
Page 7: Future of Health Care Delivery
Four Spheres of Nursing Care
Wellness and Disease Prevention
Promotion of physical and mental health, management of minor-acute and intermittent care needs.
Chronic Disease Management
Management and prevention of complications associated with chronic diseases.
Regenerative/Restorative Care
Critical care, complex acute care, treatment for unstable patients.
Hospice and Palliative Care
End-of-life care and support for patients with chronic diseases.
Page 8: Definition of Nursing
What is Nursing?
Origin: Latin word "nutrix" meaning "to nourish."
Scope: Care of individuals, families, groups, and communities, in all health states.
Key Roles: Health promotion, illness prevention, care of the ill and disabled, advocacy, research, health policy involvement, education.
Central Focus: Always the patient.
Page 9: Nursing Aims and Competencies
Fundamental Aims
To promote health
To prevent illness
To restore health
To facilitate coping with disability or death
Page 10: Promoting Health
Strategies by Nurses
Health is subjective; even diagnosed individuals may still feel healthy.
Encourage healthy lifestyles across physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual domains.
Reference: Healthy People 2030 for national health promotion guidelines.
Page 11: Facilitating Patient Decisions
Approaches
Encourage patient responsibility for health
Increase health awareness through education
Self-care education to achieve attainable health goals
Act as role models and provide information/referrals
Page 12: Preventing Illness
Teaching Methods
Key: Patient education on risk reduction.
Facilitate early detection and screening.
Examples include community programs and resources focusing on healthy habits.
Page 13: Restoring Health
Nursing Roles
Assessments, direct care (medications, procedures), and referrals.
Collaborate with other healthcare providers for comprehensive care.
Page 14: Coping with Death and Disability
Support Strategies
Help maintain optimal function despite disability.
Provide empathetic teaching and community resource referrals.
End of life support to ensure comfort and dignity.
Page 15: Nursing as a Professional Discipline
Key Criteria
Defined body of knowledge
Strong service orientation
Professional authority
Established code of ethics
Professional organization and standards
Ongoing research and self-regulation
Page 16: Educational Preparation for Nursing
Pathways to Licensure
Practical/Vocational Nursing (LPN)
Registered Nursing Education (RN)
Goals and structures of educational programs.
Page 17: Associate Degree in Nursing
Overview
2-year program
Prepares nurses for diverse care settings like hospitals and homes.
Focus on technical skills in direct nursing care.
Page 18: Baccalaureate in Nursing
Overview
4-year BSN program.
Comprehensive education: theory, practice, teamwork, and research.
Option for RN to BS programs for associate degree nurses to obtain BSN.
Page 19: Graduate Education in Nursing
Advanced Preparation
Master’s for advanced practice roles.
Doctoral for research, leadership, or academia.
Current demand exceeds supply.
Page 20: Continuing Education
Importance
Seminars, Workshops, Courses.
Required for licensure maintenance in several states.
Page 21: Nursing Practice Guidelines
Standards and Regulatory Framework
Define legal nursing practice.
Create state boards for licensure.
Establish education and criteria for RNs and LPNs.
Page 22: Licensure Requirements
Overview
Graduates must pass NCLEX exam.
Renewal requirements and interstate practice considerations.
Page 23: Pathway to Practice
Requirements
Graduate from accredited programs
Pass NCLEX-RN
Page 24: Ethics & Nursing Process
Key Values
AACN values: Altruism, Autonomy, Integrity, Human Dignity, Social Justice
Nursing Process: Assess, Diagnose, Plan, Implement, Evaluate
Page 25: Current Trends in Health Care
Overview
Address nursing shortages and aging populations
Recognize nursing education trends and advocacy roles
Page 26: Self-Care for Nurses
Definition
Focus on balance in physical, intellectual, emotional, social, and professional wellness.
Strategies for resilience against fatigue and burnout.
Page 27: Nursing Theory
Purpose
Describes nursing practices and expected outcomes.
Supports evidence-based practices.
Page 28: Selected Nursing Theories
Important Theorists
Florence Nightingale: Patient needs and environment.
Dorothea Orem: Self-care needs.
Madeleine Leininger: Caring as a central theme.
Page 29: Nursing Research
Process Overview
Systematic collection of observable data.
Aimed at improving clinical practice and educational insights.
Page 30: Introduction to Healthcare
Transition to New Chapter
Chapters 11 & 12.
Page 31: Health Care - The Big Picture
IHI Triple Aim Framework
Population Health
Experience of Care
Per Capita Cost
Introduction of a Fourth aim: Provider Job Satisfaction.
Page 32: Health Care Reform
Role of Nurses
Advocate for accessible, quality, and cost-effective healthcare
Support legislative efforts for healthcare improvements.
Page 33: Organizing Health Care
Care Levels
Primary Care: Common problems and preventive measures.
Secondary Care: Specialized interventions.
Tertiary Care: Rare and complex disorder management.
Page 34: Health Care Delivery Systems Overview
Types include: Hospitals, group practices, health centers, HMOs, ACOs.
Page 35: Payment for Health Care
Key Types include:
Out of Pocket, Private Insurance, Government Funding (Medicare, Medicaid).
Page 36: Health Care Settings and Services
Overview
Include Hospitals, Community Health, Home Health.
Page 37: Trends in Health Care Delivery
Key Focus Areas
Prevention
Consumer engagement
Racial justice & equity.
Page 38: Nurses' Role in Healthcare Reform
Involvement
Influence the future of healthcare through advocacy and leadership.
Page 39: Continuity of Care
Process Definition
Uninterrupted care during patient transitions between settings
Importance of thorough communication and teamwork in avoiding errors.
Page 40: Interprofessional Collaborative Practice
WHO Definition
Collaboration across diverse professional backgrounds to provide high-quality care.
Page 41: Care Coordination
Role of Care Coordinators
Identify health goals and orchestrate services and providers.
Page 42: Health & Wellness Promotion
Intro to Next Chapters
Chapters 3 & 4.
Page 43: Health and Wellness Concepts
WHO Definition
Health is a state of complete well-being, not just absence of disease.
Page 44: Concepts of Illness and Disease
Distinctions
Definitions of disease and illness behaviors, including acute vs chronic.
Page 45: Disparities in Health Care
Overview
Focus on vulnerable populations and efforts to reduce disparities.
Page 46: Factors Affecting Health and Illness
Overview
Health beliefs may affect care approaches.
Page 47: Self-Concept
Definition
Influences health through self-esteem and body image perceptions.
Page 48: Promoting Self-Concept
Assessment Role
Routine assessment in nursing evaluations for patient self-concept.
Page 49: Diagnosing Self-Concept Disturbances
Common Diagnoses
Include disturbed body image, chronic low self-esteem, ineffective coping.
Page 50: Outcome Identification & Planning
Goal Examples
Help patients describe strengths and set realistic expectations for self.
Page 51: Implementation Strategies
Nursing Interventions
Encouraging personal strengths, replacing negation with positivity.
Page 52: Evaluation Process
Outcomes Assessment
Evaluation of patient comfort with self-image and effective coping.
Page 53: Health Promotion and Illness Prevention
Levels of Prevention
Primary: Promote health, prevent disease.
Secondary: Early detection.
Tertiary: Rehabilitation post-disease.
Page 54: Health Promotion Models
Overview
Various models including health belief model and continuum of health.
Page 55: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Levels Overview
Physiological needs
Safety
Love and belonging
Esteem
Self-actualization
Page 56: Maslow’s Hierarchy in Nursing
Application
Utilization in patient care planning and assessments.
Page 57: Erikson’s Theory of Development
Stages Overview
Trust vs. Mistrust through Ego Integrity vs. Despair.
Page 58: Generativity vs. Stagnation
Overview
Importance of contribution to future generations versus self-absorption.
Page 59: Ego Integrity vs. Despair
Overview
Reflection on life leading to fulfillment vs. feelings of failure.
Page 60: Discussion Forum #1
Prompt Details
Original post and peer responses on success strategies in the course.
Page 61: Overview of Nursing Lesson 2
Instructors Information
Jennifer Macchiarola, DNP, RN, FNP-BC
Danielle Hunton, MA, RN-BC, CCRN, CWCN, CNE.
Page 62: Processes of Thoughtful, Person-Centered Practice
Chapters Overview
Covers multiple chapters on patient-centered care.
Page 63: Competencies in Nursing Practice
Definitions
Professionalism and critical thinking in care delivery.
Page 64: Clinical Judgement Considerations
Components
Critical thinking, reasoning, and clinical judgment models.
Page 65: Nursing Process Framework (ADPIE)
Steps Overview
Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation.=
Page 66: Nursing Process Elements
Overview
Dynamic and systematic method for patient care.
Page 67: Assessment Steps
Overview
Importance of systematic and prioritized approach in assessment.
Page 68: Types of Assessments
Different Approaches
Initial, focused, emergency, and more assessment types.
Page 69: Collecting Patient Data
Sources & Methods
Importance of subjective and objective data collection.
Page 70: Data Clusters in Assessment
Overview
Grouping of patient data to identify health problems.
Page 71: Diagnosis Steps
Post-Assessment
Analyzing and interpreting patient data for care plans.
Page 72: Distinguishing Medical vs. Nursing Diagnosis
Key Differences
Focus of diagnoses in patient care.
Page 73: Types of Nursing Diagnoses
Overview
Problem-focused, risk diagnoses, and health promotion diagnoses.
Page 74: PES Format for Nursing Diagnoses
Structure
Problem, Etiology, and Signs/Symptoms format outlined.
Page 75: Exam and Analysis in Nursing
Prioritization
Determining high priority based on patient safety.
Page 76: Planning Outcomes in Nursing
Strategy Goals
Design individualized care plans focusing on patient outcomes.
Page 77: Establishing Priorities
Planning Considerations
Importance of timely interventions and assessments.
Page 78: SMART Outcomes Framework
Structure
Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, and Time-bound outcomes.
Page 79: Correcting Common Errors in Outcome Statements
Clarity in Outcome Statements
Clear differentiation between interventions and patient outcomes.
Page 80: Examples of Nursing Goals
Goal Statements
Broad nursing goals related to diagnoses and aims.
Page 81: Responsibilities in Nursing Interventions
Importance Overview
Monitor health status, reduce risks, resolve problems.
Page 82: Implementing Care Plans
Strategy Overview
Execution of care plans with continuous evaluations.
Page 83: Types of Nursing Interventions
Implementation Types
Direct vs. Indirect care interventions.
Page 84: Delegation in Nursing
Guidelines
Clear understanding of what tasks can be delegated vs. those that cannot.
Page 85: Evaluation of Care Plans
Effective Assessment
Analyzing if patient outcomes met in care.
Page 86: Types of Outcomes in Evaluation
Definitions
Cognitive
Psychomotor
Affective
Physiologic
Page 87: Test Enhancements for NCLEX
Approach Details
Essential strategies in exam preparation.
Page 88: Collecting Patient Data Example
Important Example Questions
Application and evaluation of nursing assessments.
Page 89: Documenting Patient Interventions
Importance of Accurate Records
Key components of appropriate documentation.
Page 90: Informatics in Nursing
Overview of Technology
Integration of tech in patient care and education.
Page 91: Definition of Informatics
Nursing Integration
Combining nursing science with information management.
Page 92: Break Time
Reminders
Essential for pacing during educational sessions.
Page 93: The Aging Adult Overview
Introduction to Concepts
Considerations for older adulthood.
Page 94: Age Categories among Older Adults
Definitions
Youngest-old, middle-old, oldest-old classifications.
Page 95: Ageism Defined
Concept Overview
Discrimination against older adults based on false stereotypes.
Page 96: Myths of Aging
Common Misconceptions
Numerous myths surrounding aging and health.
Page 97: Physiological Changes with Aging
Overview
Changes in body function and health screenings.
Page 98: More Physiological Changes
Impact Overview
How aging affects various bodily systems.
Page 99: Neurological System Changes
Aging Effects
Cognitive response times and risks.
Page 100: Special Senses Aging Changes
Common Changes
Visual and auditory changes described.
Page 101: Cardiopulmonary System Changes
Overview of Health Effects
Changes to heart and lung efficiency as aging occurs.
Page 102: Gastrointestinal System Aging Effects
Health Considerations
Impact of aging on digestion and nutrition.
Page 103: Dentition Changes
Aging Implications
Common phrases on oral health as one ages.
Page 104: Genitourinary Changes
Overview of Health Risks
Focus on kidney function and urinary changes.
Page 105: Cognitive Development in Older Adults
Key Concepts
Cognitive responses and the effects of aging.
Page 106: Psychosocial Development Overview
Erikson's Theory
Focus on ego integrity vs. despair in older adulthood.
Page 107: Adjusting to Aging Changes
Key Life Changes
The importance of social roles and relationships.
Page 108: Common Health Issues for Older Adults
Overview of Chronic Illnesses
Focus on arthritis, heart disease, diabetes, etc.
Page 109: Dementia, Delirium, and Depression Overview
The 3Ds
Definitions and distinctions provided.
Page 110: Nursing Interventions for 3Ds
Support Strategies
Techniques for managing and caring for older adults with these conditions.
Page 111: Elder Abuse Defined
Overview of Elder Protection
Types of abuse, challenges, and mandated reporting.
Page 112: Gerontology Focus
Importance in Healthcare
Increasing relevance due to population aging.
Page 113: Nursing Roles in Older Adult Care
Key Functions
Supporting independence and advocating for patient needs.
Page 114: Tea Time for Reflection
Preparation for upcoming assessments
Page 115: Questions for Review
Self-Assessment Queries
Reflective practice for continuous learning.
Page 116: Understanding Vital Signs
Definitions and Assessment Approach
Importance of vital signs in patient care.
Page 117: Assessing Vital Signs
Key Times for Assessment
Hospital admissions and critical changes in patient condition.
Page 118: Normal Vital Sign Ranges
Reference ranges for healthy adults
Definitions of normal parameters for TPR & BP.
Page 119: Electronic Thermometers Overview
Characteristics
Considerations and indications for use.
Page 120: Rectal Temperature Assessment
Methods & Cautions
Importance of acquisition and factors affecting accuracy.
Page 121: Sources of Heat Loss
Key Considerations
Environmental and physiological factors.
Page 122: Factors Affecting Temperature
Influences Overview
Consideration of multiple variables.
Page 123: Fever Definitions
Understanding Classifications
Different types and monitoring needed.
Page 124: Equipment for Temperature Assessments
Types Overview
Discussion on measuring tools.
Page 125: Assessment of Body Temperature
Procedure Guidelines
Correct procedures for taking temperatures.
Page 126: Pulse Assessment
Key Understandings
Importance of understanding pulse characteristics.
Page 127: Pulse Sites to Know
Essential Locations
Identifying appropriate pulse sites for assessment.
Page 128: Characteristics of the Pulse
Overview
Key qualities: rate, rhythm, and strength.
Page 129: Steps for Radial Pulse Assessment
Procedure Details
Method of counting and noting characteristics.
Page 130: Assessing Apical Pulse
Procedure Overview
Methods for accurate apical pulse measurement.
Page 131: Assessing Apical-Radial Pulse
Collaboration Process
Understanding pulse deficit and its implications.
Page 132: Respiratory Rate Definitions
Importance of Definitions
Classifications to monitor respiratory function.
Page 133: Blood Pressure Definitions
Key Understandings
Importance and classifications of blood pressure readings.
Page 134: Factors Affecting Blood Pressure
Overview of Influences
Identifying demographic or lifestyle considerations.
Page 135: Decreased Blood Pressure Conditions
Overview of Risks
Identifying risks associated with low blood pressure.
Page 136: Assessing Blood Pressure Equipment
Overview of Tools
Understanding essential devices used.
Page 137: Parts of Sphygmomanometer
Types Discussion
Key parts and function.
Page 138: Blood Pressure Categories
AHA Definitions
Ranges and implications for patient care.
Page 139: Procedure for Blood Pressure Assessment
Methodology Overview
Steps to take blood pressure accurately.
Page 140: Practice and Learn Section
Group Activities
Collaborative practice for vital signs assessment.
Page 141: Factors Affecting Mobility
Overview
Key considerations for mobility assessments in patients.
Page 142: Role of Skeletal System
Functions in Movement
Supports, protects, and aids in bodily movement.
Page 143: Relationship to Muscle
Overview of Interaction
Understanding muscle and bone relationships in movement.
Page 144: Classification of Bones
Shape-Based Overview
Long, short, flat, and irregular definitions.
Page 145: Joint Movements Overview
Types to Know
Key movements in mobility assessments.
Page 146: Additional Joint Movements
Continuation of Categories
Definitions of movements like rotation and inversion.
Page 147: Assessment Question Example
Practice Question
Assess understanding of movement types in practice.
Page 148: Answer to Assessment Question
Clarifications
Explanation of circumduction as movement type.
Page 149: Types of Exercises
Activity Overview
Differentiate between isotonic, isometric, and isokinetic.
Page 150: Effects of Immobility
Risks and Outcomes
Comprehensive effects on patient health and well-being.
Page 151: Physical Assessment in Mobility
Key Indicators
Signs to observe during assessments.
Page 152: Safe Patient Handling
Ergonomics and Risks
Techniques to prevent workplace injuries.
Page 153: Proper Lifting Techniques
Methods Overview
Guidelines to prevent injury.
Page 154: Moving Patients
Techniques Overview
Safe strategies for patient mobility.
Page 155: Equipment for Patient Movement
Overview of Tools
Types of equipment to aid safe patient transfer.
Page 156: Hand Roll & Trochanter Roll
Prevention Overview
Devices for patient positioning.
Page 157: Assessing Foot Position
Strategies Overview
Tools to prevent complications during mobility.
Page 158: Assistive Devices Overview
Key Supports in Mobility
Functional devices used for patient independence.
Page 159: Types of Interventions
Mobility Role
Guidelines for range of motion exercises.
Page 160: Questions & Reflection Time
Encourage Understanding
Time for patient queries and consolidation of knowledge.
Page 161: Overview of Safety Concepts
Framework for Nursing
Importance of understanding safety protocols.
Page 162: Developmental Considerations in Safety
Age Impact Analysis
How age affects safety protocols in care settings.
Page 163: Concussion Signs to Monitor
Physical Monitoring
Key indicators in assessing head injuries.
Page 164: Safety Issues Among Adults
Overview of Considerations
Key safety challenges in adult health.
Page 165: Safety Issues in Older Adults
Risk Overview
Common sources of risk among aging populations.
Page 166: Safety Considerations for Adults
Key Strategies
Effective health monitoring and management practices.
Page 167: Safety Event Reports Overview
Documenting Incidents
Importance for patient safety and care quality assessments.
Page 168: Health Teaching in Schools
Community Engagement
Importance of promoting health education in youth settings.
Page 169: Emergency Preparedness Overview
Considerations of Threats
Addressing potential threats within healthcare.
Page 170: Chemical Threats Overview
Classification of Threats
Understanding biological and chemical risks in health settings.