Psych Exam Two Active Recall Review

NEUROBIOLOGY

Nervous System Basics

1. The nervous system controls movement, thought, sensation, and __________________________________________________functions.

2. The CNS consists of the ______________________________and spinal cord.

3. The PNS transmits information between the CNS and______________________________

Brain Structures

4. The cerebrum controls higher‑order functions such as speech, reasoning, and ______________________________processing.

5. The left hemisphere controls the ______________________________side of the body.

6. The right hemisphere controls the ______________________________side of the body.

7. The frontal lobes control organization of thought, movement, memories, emotions, and ______________________________behavior.

8. The parietal lobes interpret taste, touch, and assist in ______________________________orientation.

9. The temporal lobes control smell, hearing, memory, and ______________________________expression.

10. The occipital lobes coordinate ______________________________processing.

11. The cerebellum coordinates movement and ______________________________adjustments.

12. The brainstem regulates respiration, cardiovascular function, sleep, consciousness, and ______________________________control.

13. The reticular activating system influences motor activity, sleep, consciousness, and______________________________

14. The extrapyramidal system relays information about ______________________________and coordination.

15. The thalamus regulates activity, sensation, and______________________________

16. The hypothalamus regulates temperature, appetite, endocrine function, sexual drive, and ______________________________behavior.

17. The hippocampus forms explicit, declarative, or ______________________________memories.

18. The amygdala processes emotions such as fear, anger, and______________________________

Neurotransmission

19. Neurotransmission involves electrochemical messages traveling across______________________________

20. Neurotransmitters fit into specific ______________________________on dendrites.

21. Neurotransmitters cause excitatory or ______________________________actions.

22. Dopamine is primarily______________________________

23. Too much dopamine is associated with______________________________

24. Too little dopamine is associated with ______________________________disease.

25. Antipsychotics work by blocking ______________________________receptors.

26. Norepinephrine regulates attention, learning, memory, sleep, wakefulness, and______________________________

27. Excess norepinephrine is linked to ______________________________disorders.

28. Serotonin regulates sleep, appetite, temperature, pain control, and______________________________

29. Antidepressants improve mood by blocking ______________________________reuptake.

30. Histamine blockade can cause sedation, weight gain, and______________________________

31. Acetylcholine is decreased in ______________________________disease.

32. Glutamate is excitatory and neurotoxic at ______________________________levels.

33. GABA is the major ______________________________neurotransmitter.

34. Benzodiazepines enhance ______________________________activity.

Brain Imaging

35. CT scans visualize brain soft tissues and diagnose tumors and ______________________________enlargement.

36. MRI uses magnets and radio waves to produce detailed ______________________________images.

37. PET scans use radioactive substances to monitor ______________________________activity.

38. SPECT scans are similar to PET but use a ______________________________photon.

39. Limitations of PET/SPECT include high cost, radioactive exposure, and limited______________________________

Biologic Foundations

40. Mental disorders arise from interactions of genetics and______________________________

41. Twin studies help determine the genetic basis of ______________________________illness.

42. Psychoimmunology studies the effect of ______________________________on the immune system.

43. Inflammation may contribute to severe ______________________________disorders.

44. Maternal infection during pregnancy may increase risk for______________________________

Pharmacology Concepts

45. Efficacy refers to the maximal ______________________________effect of a drug.

46. Potency refers to the amount of drug needed to achieve ______________________________effect.

47. Half‑life is the time required for half the drug to be removed from the______________________________

48. Off‑label use refers to using a drug for conditions other than its ______________________________indication.

49. Black box warnings indicate serious or ______________________________side effects.

50. Medication selection is based on ______________________________symptoms.

51. Gradual tapering prevents rebound, recurrence, or ______________________________symptoms.

Antipsychotics

52. Antipsychotics treat delusions, hallucinations, and______________________________

53. Conventional antipsychotics strongly block ______________________________receptors.

54. Atypical antipsychotics block dopamine and______________________________

55. EPS are caused by blockade of ______________________________receptors.

56. Acute dystonia involves muscle rigidity, spasms, and difficulty______________________________

57. Pseudoparkinsonism includes shuffling gait, rigidity, and __________‑rolling movements.

58. Akathisia involves intense______________________________

59. Tardive dyskinesia causes irreversible involuntary ______________________________movements.

60. NMS symptoms include rigidity, high fever, and ______________________________instability.

61. Metabolic syndrome includes weight gain, hyperglycemia, and increased risk for______________________________

62. Clients should use sunscreen to prevent______________________________

63. Missed antipsychotic doses should be taken only if within ______________________________hours.

PSYCHOPHARM

Antidepressants

64. Antidepressants regulate mood by interacting with norepinephrine and______________________________

65. Used to treat major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and the ______________________________phase of bipolar disorder.

66. Also used off‑label for chronic pain, migraines, neuropathies, and ______________________________disorders.

TCAs

67. TCAs block reuptake of serotonin and______________________________

68. Take ______________________________weeks for therapeutic effect.

69. Anticholinergic side effects include dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, and ______________________________vision.

70. Severe side effects include agitation, delirium, and______________________________

MAOIs

71. MAOIs inhibit the enzyme that breaks down serotonin and______________________________

72. Require strict dietary restrictions to avoid ______________________________crisis.

73. Foods high in ______________________________must be avoided.

74. Dangerous interactions occur with TCAs, meperidine, CNS depressants, and many______________________________

SSRIs

75. SSRIs block reuptake of______________________________

76. First‑line treatment for______________________________

77. Side effects include anxiety, agitation, nausea, insomnia, and ______________________________dysfunction.

78. Should be taken in the ______________________________unless sedation occurs.

79. Missed doses can be taken up to ______________________________hours late.

SNRIs

80. SNRIs block reuptake of serotonin and______________________________

81. Side effects include nausea, dizziness, sweating, insomnia, and increased______________________________

Atypical Antidepressants

82. Bupropion inhibits reuptake of norepinephrine and______________________________

83. Contraindicated in clients with ______________________________or eating disorders.

84. Mirtazapine increases serotonin and norepinephrine and blocks ______________________________receptors.

85. Mirtazapine commonly causes sedation and significant ______________________________gain.

86. Trazodone blocks histamine receptors and causes significant______________________________

87. Nefazodone carries a risk of life‑threatening ______________________________damage.

Serotonin Syndrome

88. Can occur when combining MAOIs with______________________________

89. Symptoms include agitation, fever, tachycardia, rigidity, and______________________________

Mood Stabilizers

90. Mood stabilizers prevent or minimize highs and lows of ______________________________disorder.

91. Lithium is the most established ______________________________stabilizer.

92. Lithium normalizes reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and______________________________

93. Therapeutic range: ______________________________mEq/L.

94. Levels must be drawn ______________________________hours after last dose.

95. Early side effects include nausea, diarrhea, fine tremor, polyuria, and ______________________________taste.

96. Toxicity causes severe diarrhea, vomiting, drowsiness, muscle weakness, and lack of______________________________

97. Untreated toxicity can lead to renal failure, coma, and______________________________

Anticonvulsants

98. Valproic acid and topiramate increase ______________________________levels.

99. Carbamazepine and valproic acid inhibit______________________________

100. Valproic acid can cause hepatic failure and ______________________________tube defects.

101. Carbamazepine can cause aplastic anemia and______________________________

102. Lamotrigine can cause Stevens‑Johnson syndrome and toxic ______________________________necrolysis.

103. Blood levels must be drawn ______________________________hours after last dose.

Anxiolytics

104. Benzodiazepines mediate the actions of______________________________

105. Can cause physical and ______________________________dependence.

106. Withdrawal can be______________________________

107. Cause CNS depression including drowsiness, sedation, and impaired______________________________

108. Older adults are at higher risk for______________________________

109. Buspirone acts as a partial agonist at ______________________________receptors.

110. Buspirone does ______________________________cause dependency.

Stimulants

111. First‑line treatment for______________________________

112. Common stimulants include methylphenidate, amphetamine, and______________________________

113. Atomoxetine is a non‑stimulant ______________________________used for ADHD.

114. Stimulants increase norepinephrine, dopamine, and______________________________

115. Side effects include anorexia, weight loss, irritability, and increased ______________________________rate.

116. Can cause growth and ______________________________suppression in children.

117. Clients should avoid caffeine and excessive______________________________

Substance Use Treatment Medications

118. Disulfiram causes severe reactions when mixed with______________________________

119. Inhibits the enzyme ______________________________dehydrogenase.

120. Reactions include flushing, headache, sweating, nausea, vomiting, and______________________________

121. Clients must avoid all products containing______________________________

122. Acamprosate reduces physical and emotional discomfort during early______________________________

123. Cannot be used in clients with ______________________________impairment.

MOOD DISORDERS

124. Anergia refers to lack of______________________________

125. Everyday sadness differs from clinical depression because clinical depression is more ______________________________and persistent.

126. Mood disorders cause long‑term emotional changes that ______________________________functioning.

127. Major depressive disorder requires symptoms lasting at least ______________________________weeks.

128. Symptoms of MDD include depressed mood, anhedonia, sleep changes, impaired concentration, and thoughts of______________________________

129. Bipolar disorder involves mood fluctuations between ______________________________and depression.

130. Mania is a distinct period of abnormally elevated or irritable mood lasting at least ______________________________week.

131. Hypomania involves elevated mood without ______________________________impairment or psychosis.

132. A mixed episode includes symptoms of mania and ______________________________nearly every day for one week.

133. Cyclothymic disorder involves mild mood swings between hypomania and______________________________

134. First bipolar episode usually appears in teens, 20s, or______________________________

135. Manic episodes escalate rapidly over ______________________________days.

136. Lithium is the primary ______________________________agent.

137. Lithium and anticonvulsants protect against ______________________________cycles.

138. Dysthymic disorder involves chronic, persistent disturbance of______________________________

139. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder begins before age______________________________

140. Seasonal affective disorder is treated with ______________________________therapy.

141. Winter‑onset SAD symptoms include increased sleep, appetite, and ______________________________cravings.

142. Postpartum blues resolve ______________________________treatment.

143. Postpartum depression begins within ______________________________weeks of delivery.

144. Postpartum psychosis is a psychiatric emergency requiring ______________________________treatment.

145. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder causes severe dysfunction in ______________________________or occupational functioning.

146. Mood disorders arise from interactions between genetics, biology, and ______________________________stressors.

147. Having a parent or sibling with major depression increases risk by ______________________________times.

148. Twin studies show depression has a heritability of __________–__________%.

149. Serotonin and norepinephrine deficits are associated with______________________________

150. Norepinephrine levels are increased in______________________________

151. Dopamine neurotransmission is ______________________________in depression.

152. High CSF 5‑HIAA levels are associated with ______________________________or suicidal behavior.

153. Elevated cortisol levels are associated with______________________________

154. Hypothyroidism increases risk for______________________________

155. Beck’s cognitive model states depression results from distorted thinking about self, world, and______________________________

156. Somatic symptoms of depression vary by______________________________

157. MDD is twice as common in______________________________

158. Mean onset age for MDD is______________________________

159. 10–20% of people with severe depression experience ______________________________features.

160. Depression occurs when too few neurotransmitters are released or reabsorbed too______________________________

161. Antidepressant therapy should continue for at least ______________________________months after improvement.

162. ECT is used when clients do not respond to medications or are actively______________________________

163. ECT typically involves __________–______________________________treatments.

164. Psychotic depression requires combination therapy with antidepressants and______________________________

165. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a type of ______________________________stimulation therapy.

166. Vagal nerve stimulation is used for treatment‑resistant______________________________

167. Suicidal ideation means thinking about______________________________

168. Risk of suicide is increased in single adults, adolescents, and people with ______________________________disorders.

169. Clues of suicidal intent include giving away______________________________

170. Suicide lethality assessment evaluates degree of______________________________

171. Nursing actions include close supervision and removing ______________________________objects.

172. Suicide prevention programs focus on increasing self‑esteem and reducing______________________________

173. Untreated depression can last weeks, months, or______________________________

174. 75% of people in low‑ and middle‑income countries do not receive treatment for______________________________

175. Depression is more common among people who are divorced, separated, widowed, or lacking ______________________________relationships.

176. Substance‑induced mood disorders result from physiological effects of ______________________________or toxins.

177. Cyclothymic disorder involves mood swings without loss of ______________________________or occupational functioning.

178. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder involves severe temper outbursts and persistent ______________________________mood.

179. Nonsuicidal self‑injury may be influenced by peers or desire to______________________________

ANXIETY

180. Anxiety is a response to______________________________

181. Hans Selye’s three stages of stress: alarm, resistance, and______________________________

182. During the alarm stage, the adrenal gland releases adrenaline and______________________________

183. During resistance, blood is shunted to areas needed for______________________________

184. The exhaustion stage involves depletion of ______________________________stores.

185. The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for______________________________

186. The parasympathetic nervous system returns the body to ______________________________conditions.

187. Physiological responses include elevated vital signs and ______________________________motor activity.

188. Mild anxiety increases sensory stimulation and______________________________

189. Moderate anxiety causes narrowed perceptual field and difficulty______________________________

190. Severe anxiety causes trouble thinking, muscle tension, and increased______________________________

191. Panic anxiety involves fight, flight, or ______________________________responses.

192. During panic anxiety, the nurse’s priority is______________________________

193. Mild anxiety requires no direct intervention and allows for effective______________________________

194. Moderate anxiety requires short, simple______________________________

195. Severe anxiety requires lowering anxiety before______________________________

196. Panic anxiety requires moving the client to a ______________________________environment.

197. During high anxiety, the nurse should remain with the client and use __________, simple statements.

198. Avoid forcing the client to make______________________________

199. Anxiety disorders are diagnosed when anxiety becomes chronic and______________________________

200. Types include panic disorder, agoraphobia, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, and______________________________

201. Assessment findings include decreased attention span, restlessness, irritability, and poor ______________________________control.

202. Immediate outcomes include being free from______________________________

203. Stabilization outcomes include performing ______________________________techniques independently.

204. Community outcomes include managing anxiety response to______________________________

205. Anxiety disorders affect nearly __________% of people in their lifetime.

206. More prevalent in ______________________________adults.

207. Mild anxiety signs: restlessness and GI______________________________

208. Moderate anxiety signs: muscle tension and ______________________________pulse.

209. Severe anxiety signs include severe headache, nausea, and______________________________

210. Panic anxiety signs include dilated pupils and increased______________________________

211. Benzodiazepines treat anxiety but have high potential for______________________________

212. Buspirone does not cause______________________________

213. SSRIs treat panic disorder, GAD, and ______________________________phobia.

214. Selective mutism involves failure to ______________________________in social situations.

215. Anxiety disorder due to another medical condition results directly from a ______________________________condition.

216. Substance‑induced anxiety disorder is caused by drug misuse, medication, or______________________________

217. Separation anxiety disorder involves excessive anxiety concerning separation from______________________________

218. Anxiety has a genetic component; first‑degree relatives have ______________________________rates.

219. Panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobias have ______________________________heritability.

220. GABA dysfunction contributes to ______________________________disorders.

221. Excess norepinephrine is suspected in panic disorder, GAD, and______________________________

222. Serotonin plays a role in OCD, panic disorder, and______________________________

223. Freud believed anxiety triggers the use of ______________________________mechanisms.

224. Overuse of defense mechanisms inhibits emotional growth and ______________________________skills.

225. Sullivan believed anxiety arises from ______________________________problems.

226. Peplau developed nursing interventions based on ______________________________theory.

227. Behavioral theory views anxiety as a ______________________________behavior.

228. Systematic desensitization involves gradual exposure to the ______________________________object.

229. Flooding involves rapid exposure until ______________________________decreases.

230. GAD involves excessive worry for at least ______________________________months.

231. GAD symptoms include irritability, muscle tension, fatigue, and ______________________________alterations.

232. Treatment for GAD includes buspirone, SSRIs, and______________________________

233. Relaxation techniques include deep breathing, guided imagery, and ______________________________relaxation.

234. Cognitive restructuring helps clients challenge ______________________________thoughts.

235. Decatastrophizing helps clients challenge ______________________________thinking.

236. Assertiveness training teaches clients to use ______________________________statements.

237. Panic attacks last ______________________________minutes.

238. Symptoms include palpitations, sweating, tremors, chest pain, and ______________________________of breath.

239. Panic disorder diagnosis requires persistent worry about future attacks for at least ______________________________month.

240. Half of clients with panic disorder also have______________________________

241. Primary gain refers to relief of anxiety by ______________________________situations.

242. Secondary gain refers to attention and care from______________________________

243. Phobias involve illogical, intense, persistent______________________________

244. Anticipatory anxiety occurs when thinking about encountering the ______________________________object.

245. Specific phobias include natural environment, blood‑injection, situational, and ______________________________phobias.

246. Specific phobias often begin in______________________________

247. Social phobia involves severe anxiety in ______________________________or performance situations.

248. Symptoms include fear of being judged or appearing______________________________

249. Treatment includes behavioral therapy, systematic desensitization, and______________________________

250. Anxiety in older adults is often associated with depression or______________________________

251. Preferred treatment for anxiety in older adults is______________________________

252. Benzodiazepines increase ______________________________risk in older adults.

253. Community‑based care includes referrals to therapy, psychiatrists, and ______________________________groups.

254. Anxiety is a warning sign indicating ineffective ______________________________management.

255. Stress management tips include relaxation, exercise, limiting caffeine, and setting ______________________________goals.

OBSESSIVE‑COMPULSIVE DISORDER

256. OCD involves recurrent, persistent, intrusive, and unwanted______________________________

257. Compulsions are ritualistic or repetitive ______________________________performed to reduce anxiety.

258. Common compulsions include checking, counting, washing, and______________________________

259. OCD can begin in______________________________

260. OCD is a chronic, ______________________________disease.

261. Symptoms tend to ______________________________over time.

262. Related disorders include dermatillomania, trichotillomania, and______________________________

263. Etiology includes genetic influences and ______________________________experiences.

264. Stressful periods often ______________________________OCD symptoms.

265. Clients with severe OCD often cannot change their thinking or behavior______________________________

266. Clients know rituals interfere with life, so telling them this is______________________________

267. OCD onset in males is more common in __________; in females, more common in their______________________________

268. OCD onset typically occurs in late______________________________

269. A small number of clients experience complete ______________________________of symptoms.

270. Excoriation disorder involves chronic______________________________

271. Excoriation is considered a ______________________________behavior.

272. Trichotillomania involves chronic, repetitive______________________________

273. Trichotillomania is a ______________________________behavior and often begins in______________________________

274. Body dysmorphic disorder involves preoccupation with an imagined or slight______________________________

275. BDD commonly co‑occurs with anxiety, depression, and ______________________________disorder.

276. Cosmetic surgery is ______________________________for BDD.

277. Hoarding involves excessive acquisition of items and ______________________________living spaces.

278. Hoarding disorder is most common between ages ______________________________and______________________________

279. Kleptomania involves compulsive __________; reward = thrill of______________________________

280. Oniomania involves compulsive __________; reward = ______________________________of the item.

281. Oniomania is most common in ______________________________in their 20s.

282. Body identity integrity disorder involves desire for______________________________

283. Cognitive models of OCD arise from ______________________________theory.

284. A key distortion: “If I think it,______________________________”

285. Perfectionism and intolerance of ______________________________contribute to OCD.

286. Inflated personal responsibility may stem from strict ______________________________upbringing.

287. Shame and ______________________________are prominent emotions.

288. Clients may believe they should control all ______________________________thoughts.

289. Some cultures attribute OCD symptoms to ______________________________causes.

290. Clients may hide symptoms due to______________________________

291. First‑line medications include SSRIs such as fluvoxamine and______________________________

292. Venlafaxine is considered __________‑line.

293. Second‑generation antipsychotics used for OCD include risperidone and______________________________

294. Exposure therapy involves confronting avoided______________________________

295. Response prevention involves delaying or avoiding______________________________

296. Combination of exposure therapy + CBT is ______________________________to either alone.

297. Deep brain stimulation targets ______________________________tracts.

298. OCD onset after age 50 suggests an ______________________________cause.

299. Clients must continue exposure/response prevention in the ______________________________setting.

300. Technology‑enhanced treatment includes bibliotherapy and ______________________________CBT.

301. Therapeutic communication helps build______________________________

302. Nurses teach relaxation and ______________________________techniques.

303. Following a daily ______________________________helps manage symptoms.

304. Providing structure and ______________________________supports treatment.

305. Family education ensures everyone understands how to ______________________________the client.

306. Daily practice of anxiety‑management techniques is essential for ______________________________outcomes.

307. The obsessive‑compulsive spectrum includes trichotillomania, dermatillomania, and______________________________

308. Reward‑seeking behaviors include hoarding, kleptomania, pyromania, and______________________________

309. DSM‑5‑TR includes OCD, BDD, hoarding disorder, trichotillomania, and ______________________________disorder.

310. Some disorders in the spectrum are not officially recognized by the______________________________

311. OCD differs from other anxiety disorders because it involves ______________________________thoughts and compulsions.

312. Stress can significantly ______________________________symptoms.

313. Yoga, acupuncture, and biofeedback may help with ______________________________disorder.

314. Clomipramine may help treat______________________________

315. SSRIs may prevent relapse in ______________________________disorder.

SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS

316. Substance use disorders are significant national ______________________________problems.

317. Alcohol‑related death is the ______________________________leading preventable cause of death in the U.S.

318. __________% of driving fatalities are alcohol‑related.

319. Harmful alcohol use causes ______________________________million deaths annually worldwide.

320. 5.1% of the global burden of disease is attributable to ______________________________use.

321. ______________________________million children live with a parent with a substance use disorder.

322. Children of parents with alcohol use disorder are more likely to develop ______________________________problems.

323. The opioid crisis causes approximately ______________________________deaths daily.

324. Illicitly manufactured fentanyl is highly______________________________

325. Small amounts of fentanyl can be______________________________

326. Polysubstance use increases risk of______________________________

327. Common combinations include opioids with ______________________________or benzodiazepines.

328. Naloxone rapidly restores normal ______________________________in opioid overdose.

329. Naloxone availability has increased by __________% since 2018.

330. Stigma prevents individuals from seeking______________________________

331. Reducing stigma improves overall ______________________________outcomes.

332. The opioid crisis was triggered by overprescription of ______________________________analgesics.

333. Recent trends show decreased prescription opioid use but increased ______________________________synthetic opioid use.

334. Substance misuse = using a substance contrary to its ______________________________purpose.

335. Substance dependence includes addiction, tolerance, and______________________________

336. Polysubstance use = using ______________________________drugs simultaneously.

337. Withdrawal syndrome = negative reactions when substance use ______________________________or decreases.

338. Detoxification = safely ______________________________from a substance.

339. Substance‑induced disorders include psychosis and ______________________________disorders.

340. Alcohol intoxication typically begins between ages______________________________

341. Severe alcohol‑related problems often appear in the______________________________

342. A blackout = ______________________________functioning without awareness or memory.

343. Tolerance means needing ______________________________alcohol for the same effect.

344. A tolerance break means small amounts cause______________________________

345. Alcohol use disorder relapse rates range from __________–__________%.

346. Nearly half relapse within ______________________________year after treatment.

347. Successful recovery is linked to abstinence, motivation, and ______________________________prevention.

348. Poor outcomes are associated with earlier age at onset and longer ______________________________of use.

349. Coexisting psychiatric illness worsens______________________________

350. IV drug use increases risk of HIV, hepatitis, and______________________________

351. Alcohol‑dependent individuals have increased risk of______________________________

352. Alcohol withdrawal begins __________–______________________________hours after cessation.

353. Symptoms include tremors, sweating, elevated pulse, insomnia, and______________________________

354. Severe withdrawal may cause hallucinations, seizures, and ______________________________tremens.

355. Treatment includes benzodiazepines and ______________________________care.

356. Long‑term alcohol use can cause Wernicke encephalopathy and ______________________________psychosis.

357. Other complications include pancreatitis, hepatitis, cirrhosis, and ______________________________myopathy.

358. Sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics are all CNS______________________________

359. Intoxication includes slurred speech, unsteady gait, and impaired______________________________

360. Barbiturate overdose can cause coma, respiratory arrest, and______________________________

361. Withdrawal includes autonomic hyperactivity, tremors, insomnia, and ______________________________agitation.

362. Detoxification requires gradual______________________________

363. Stimulants include amphetamines, cocaine, and______________________________

364. Intoxication causes euphoria, hypervigilance, hallucinations, and impaired______________________________

365. Physiologic effects include tachycardia, hypertension, and ______________________________pupils.

366. Overdose can cause seizures, coma, and______________________________

367. Withdrawal causes dysphoria, fatigue, vivid dreams, and ______________________________ideation.

368. Cannabis intoxication causes impaired coordination, inappropriate laughter, increased appetite, and ______________________________eyes.

369. High‑potency cannabis can cause delirium or cannabis‑induced ______________________________disorder.

370. Withdrawal may include muscle aches, sweating, and______________________________

371. Opioids desensitize pain and induce______________________________

372. Intoxication causes apathy, lethargy, constricted pupils, and impaired______________________________

373. Overdose causes respiratory depression and______________________________

374. Naloxone reverses opioid______________________________

375. Withdrawal includes anxiety, restlessness, cravings, nausea, and______________________________

376. Methadone and buprenorphine are used for ______________________________therapy.

377. Hallucinogens distort perception of______________________________

378. Intoxication causes anxiety, paranoia, sweating, tachycardia, and______________________________

379. PCP intoxication causes aggression, impulsivity, seizures, and______________________________

380. Treatment includes supportive care and______________________________

381. Flashbacks may persist for ______________________________to years.

382. Inhalants include anesthetics, nitrates, and organic______________________________

383. Intoxication causes dizziness, nystagmus, slurred speech, and lack of______________________________

384. Acute toxicity can cause anoxia, respiratory depression, and fatal______________________________

385. Substance use disorders are treated as chronic ______________________________illnesses.

386. AA is a 12‑step program emphasizing total______________________________

387. Detoxification may occur in EDs, clinics, or ______________________________settings.

388. Outpatient treatment includes clinics, day programs, and ______________________________houses.

389. Pharmacologic treatments include benzodiazepines for withdrawal and disulfiram for______________________________

390. Acamprosate reduces alcohol______________________________

391. Methadone and buprenorphine treat ______________________________dependence.

392. Naltrexone reduces cravings for alcohol and______________________________

393. Dual diagnosis refers to co‑occurrence of substance use and another ______________________________illness.

394. Up to __________% of people with severe mental illness have SUD.

395. Integrated treatment addresses housing, support, and meaningful______________________________

396. Screening tools include the Simple Screening Instrument for______________________________

397. Defense mechanisms like ______________________________are common.

398. Treatment outcomes include abstinence, open expression of feelings, responsibility for behavior, and effective ______________________________plans.

399. Family issues include codependence and ______________________________behaviors.

400. Support groups help families cope with emotional, social, and ______________________________impacts.

401. Community‑based care includes outpatient programs, AA, and ______________________________recovery.

402. Relapse prevention includes open expression of feelings, frequent contact, and positive______________________________

403. Nonjudgmental discussion helps identify patterns of ______________________________use.

PERSONALITY DISORDERS

404. Personality is an ingrained, enduring pattern of ______________________________and relating to the self, others, and the environment.

405. Personality includes consistent __________, attitudes, and emotions across situations.

406. A person is often not consciously aware of their______________________________

407. Personality is influenced by biologic/genetic makeup and interactions with ______________________________and people.

408. Personality disorders are diagnosed when there is impairment of ______________________________functioning.

409. Personality disorders involve personality traits that are______________________________

410. Identity problems may include______________________________

411. Some individuals gain self‑esteem from power or pleasure at the ______________________________of others.

412. Personality traits/behaviors are ______________________________across situations.

413. Clients often do not recognize their own behavior as a source of______________________________

414. Behavioral nonconformity includes failure to conform to __________, social, or legal norms.

415. Clients are often motivated by personal______________________________

416. Dysfunctional relationships may involve deceit, coercion, or______________________________

417. Clients struggle to form __________, intimate relationships.

418. Lack of ______________________________and remorse is common.

419. Negative behaviors may include manipulation, dishonesty, or______________________________

420. Clients may show anger and hostility with ______________________________moods.

421. Impulsivity, distractibility, and poor ______________________________are common.

422. Risk‑taking and thrill‑seeking reflect ______________________________traits.

423. Mistrust, exhibitionism, entitlement, and dependency are examples of ______________________________traits.

424. Eccentric perceptions may occur in disorders involving ______________________________distortions.

425. Maladaptive traits are the basis for distinguishing one personality ______________________________from another.

426. Impulsivity and irresponsibility may indicate poor______________________________

427. Clients may show emotional coldness and lack of______________________________

428. Maladaptive traits often persist because they are deeply______________________________

429. Maladaptive behaviors can often be traced to ______________________________or adolescence.

430. Clients with personality disorders often experience impairment in __________, academic, or employment roles.

431. No specific medication can alter______________________________

432. Therapy for personality disorders is often ______________________________term.

433. Progress in therapy is typically______________________________

434. Clients often believe their problems stem from ______________________________or the world.

435. Belligerent or aggressive clients may see themselves as______________________________

436. Personality disorders are not diagnosed until age ______________________________or older.

437. Cluster A involves ______________________________or eccentric behaviors.

438. Cluster B involves ______________________________or dramatic behaviors.

439. Cluster C involves ______________________________or fearful behaviors.

440. Cluster A includes paranoid, schizoid, and ______________________________personality disorders.

441. Cluster B includes antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and ______________________________personality disorders.

442. Cluster C includes avoidant, dependent, and __________‑compulsive personality disorders.

443. Mental illnesses are usually episodic, whereas personality disorders are______________________________

Paranoid Personality Disorder

444. Characterized by pervasive ______________________________and suspiciousness.

445. Clients interpret others’ actions as______________________________

446. May have transient ______________________________symptoms during stress.

447. Often appear aloof, withdrawn, and______________________________

448. Frequently use ______________________________as a defense mechanism.

449. Nursing approach: maintain a __________, business‑like manner.

450. Consistency and ______________________________are essential.

451. Clients should be encouraged to validate ideas with______________________________

452. Help clients base decisions on______________________________

Schizoid Personality Disorder

453. Involves detachment from ______________________________relationships.

454. Shows restricted range of ______________________________expression.

455. Clients appear emotionally cold, uncaring, or______________________________

456. Often have a rich ______________________________life.

457. Ideal housing: ______________________________and care facility.

458. Nursing care focuses on improved ______________________________in the community.

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

459. Characterized by social and interpersonal______________________________

460. Clients experience acute discomfort with ______________________________relationships.

461. Cognitive/perceptual distortions include magical thinking and______________________________

462. Speech may be loose, vague, or______________________________

463. Affect may be flat, silly, or______________________________

464. Clients often have only one significant______________________________

465. Nursing care focuses on improving ______________________________skills.

466. Role‑playing helps clients practice clear and ______________________________communication.

Antisocial Personality Disorder

467. Involves pervasive disregard for and violation of______________________________

468. Prevalence in general population is about __________%.

469. Behaviors peak in the______________________________

470. Clients display false ______________________________to suit situations.

471. Lack empathy and exploit others without______________________________

472. Remorse only if______________________________

473. Childhood predictors include lying, truancy, and acts of______________________________

474. Families often have high rates of depression, substance use, and ______________________________or divorce.

475. Nursing care includes teaching __________‑solving skills.

476. Clients should be taught to anticipate ______________________________situations.

477. Substance use must be assessed due to its impact on ______________________________performance.

Borderline Personality Disorder

478. Involves unstable relationships, self‑image, and______________________________

479. Marked ______________________________is a key feature.

480. Most common in______________________________

481. Up to __________–__________% die by suicide.

482. Self‑harm is often a cry for______________________________

483. Early relationships are often______________________________

484. High incidence of childhood ______________________________associated with BPD.

485. Clients experience pervasive ______________________________mood.

486. Thinking is polarized and extreme, known as______________________________

487. Clients have chronic fears of______________________________

488. Under stress, clients may experience transient______________________________

489. Nursing care requires structure and ______________________________setting.

490. Self‑harm urges must be discussed______________________________

Histrionic Personality Disorder

491. Characterized by excessive______________________________

492. Clients exhibit attention‑seeking and ______________________________behavior.

493. Often overdress and behave______________________________

494. Mood shifts are rapid and______________________________

495. Clients exaggerate intimacy in______________________________

496. Nursing care includes providing feedback on ______________________________interactions.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

497. Involves grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of______________________________

498. Clients may ______________________________others’ success.

499. Often belittle others’______________________________

500. Treatment focuses on gaining client______________________________

501. Clients may see themselves as______________________________

Avoidant Personality Disorder

502. Involves feelings of______________________________

503. Clients are hypersensitive to ______________________________evaluation.

504. Fear rejection and______________________________

505. Clients appear sad and ______________________________in social situations.

506. Treatment focuses on boosting______________________________

Dependent Personality Disorder

507. Involves excessive need for______________________________

508. Clients depend on others for emotional______________________________

509. Struggle to make ______________________________without guidance.

510. Self‑criticism and ______________________________are common.

511. Nursing care emphasizes fostering______________________________

Obsessive‑Compulsive Personality Disorder

512. Involves preoccupation with______________________________

513. Clients exhibit perfectionism and need for______________________________

514. High persistence may lead clients to persevere even when______________________________

515. Depressive personality traits involve pervasive ______________________________cognitions.

516. Passive‑aggressive traits involve negative attitudes and passive______________________________

517. Personality disorders are more common in ______________________________socioeconomic groups.

518. Antisocial PD may show persistent substance use into ______________________________age.

519. BPD impulsivity decreases by age______________________________

520. Personality development is influenced by genetics and ______________________________factors.

521. Temperament traits are ingrained by age______________________________

522. High harm avoidance leads to excessive______________________________

523. High novelty seeking correlates with ______________________________behavior.

524. High reward dependence may lead to excessive need for______________________________

525. Low persistence results in giving up______________________________

526. Three major character traits include self‑directedness, cooperativeness, and______________________________

527. Low cooperativeness correlates with______________________________

528. Failure to complete developmental tasks jeopardizes future______________________________

529. Judgments about personality must consider ______________________________background.

530. Gender biases include more antisocial PD in males and more ______________________________PD in females.

531. Treatment often combines medication and______________________________

532. Schizotypal, narcissistic, and OCPD clients are less likely to ______________________________treatment.

533. Cognitive‑perceptual disturbances respond to low‑dose______________________________

534. Aggression may be treated with lithium, valproate, or______________________________

535. Avoid ______________________________due to misuse potential.

536. Emotional instability may be treated with lithium or______________________________

537. Chronic anxiety is treated with ______________________________or MAOIs.

538. Goals of therapy include improving ______________________________skills.

539. CBT techniques include thought stopping and ______________________________self‑talk.

540. DBT focuses on distorted thinking and poorly regulated______________________________

541. Schema therapy focuses on addressing unmet ______________________________needs.

542. Therapeutic relationships require structure and______________________________

543. Boundary setting helps prevent manipulation or______________________________

544. Effective communication involves active______________________________

545. Crisis intervention may be needed for ______________________________reactions.

546. Nursing care emphasizes developing client______________________________

547. Community‑based care aims to stabilize______________________________

548. Support groups provide vital______________________________

549. Personality disorders often have a ______________________________prognosis.

550. Early intervention may mitigate progression of ______________________________disorders.

551. Understanding past experiences helps develop a ______________________________care plan.

552. Promoting stability helps manage emotional______________________________

ANGER, HOSTILITY, AND AGGRESSION

553. Hostility is also called ______________________________aggression.

554. Hostility is expressed through verbal abuse, rule violations, or ______________________________behavior.

555. Hostility is often expressed when a person feels threatened or______________________________

556. Physical aggression involves attacking another person or ______________________________property.

557. Physical aggression is meant to harm, punish, or force______________________________

558. The triggering phase is the incident that initiates an ______________________________response.

559. The escalation phase involves increasing loss of______________________________

560. The crisis phase involves loss of emotional and ______________________________control.

561. The recovery phase involves ______________________________control.

562. The postcrisis phase involves reconciliation and return to ______________________________functioning.

563. Interventions are most effective during the ______________________________and escalation phases.

564. Paranoid delusions may cause clients to believe others are______________________________

565. Auditory hallucinations may include ______________________________hallucinations.

566. Aggression is associated with dementia, delirium, head injuries, intoxication, and ______________________________or borderline personality disorders.

567. Risk factors for violent behavior include longer illness duration, frequent hospitalization, alcohol use, and prior ______________________________attempts.

568. Signs of increasing agitation include restlessness, pacing, raised voice, and______________________________

569. Building trust decreases fear and improves______________________________

570. Helping clients express feelings nondestructively may involve ______________________________communication or exercise.

571. Remaining calm provides a ______________________________model.

572. Respecting body space prevents clients from feeling______________________________

573. Decreasing stimulation includes lowering lights and reducing______________________________

574. Clear, calm communication uses simple, ______________________________speech.

575. Setting firm limits prevents______________________________

576. Assertive communication uses “I” statements to express______________________________

577. Cognitive‑behavioral anger techniques include distraction, communication skills, problem‑solving, and______________________________

578. During restraint or seclusion, nurses must explain actions and reasons______________________________

579. Clients must be reassured of______________________________

580. Restraints must be reduced or removed as soon as______________________________

581. Client dignity and rights must be______________________________

582. Anger is a normal reaction when situations are unfair or personal rights are not______________________________

583. Assertive expression of anger enables ______________________________resolution.

584. Anger attacks involve sudden intense anger with verbal expressions but no ______________________________aggression.

585. Anger attacks are followed by______________________________

586. Anger attacks often occur when the person feels emotionally______________________________

587. Anger attacks are associated with ______________________________symptoms.

588. Intermittent explosive disorder involves discrete episodes of aggressive impulses resulting in serious ______________________________or property destruction.

589. IED aggression is grossly disproportionate to______________________________

590. IED includes tension before outburst and ______________________________afterward.

591. IED typically develops in late adolescence and is more common in adult______________________________

592. Acting out is an immature defense mechanism involving dealing with emotional conflict through______________________________

593. Acting out provides temporary relief from feelings of helplessness or______________________________

594. Acting out is common in children who cannot verbalize ______________________________conflict.

595. Violence is often misattributed to mental illness due to media______________________________

596. Not all people who commit violent acts have a ______________________________illness.

597. Low serotonin is associated with increased ______________________________behavior.

598. Increased dopamine and norepinephrine activity is linked to impulsive ______________________________behavior.

599. Traumatic brain injury affecting the limbic system or frontal lobes may increase______________________________

600. Temper tantrums are common in______________________________

601. Positive relationships foster development of ______________________________control.

602. Interpersonal rejection may lead to aggression to regain control or achieve______________________________

603. Cultural norms influence how ______________________________is expressed.

604. Hwa‑Byung is an anger syndrome seen in______________________________

605. Bouffée délirante involves sudden outbursts of agitated behavior in West Africa and______________________________

606. Amok is a dissociative violent episode seen in______________________________

607. Aggression treatment focuses on treating underlying ______________________________disorders.

608. Two staff members should approach an aggressive client as a______________________________

609. De‑escalation techniques are used before ______________________________or restraint.

610. Lithium treats aggression in bipolar disorder and ______________________________disorders.

611. Carbamazepine and valproate treat aggression in dementia and______________________________

612. Atypical antipsychotics treat aggression in dementia, brain injury, and personality______________________________

613. Haloperidol and lorazepam treat acute agitation or______________________________

614. EPS must be monitored and treated with______________________________

615. Aggression is less common in units with strong leadership and clear______________________________

616. Lack of psychological space can trigger______________________________

617. History of violence, victimization, or substance use increases risk of______________________________

618. Common nursing diagnoses include risk for violence and ineffective______________________________

619. Expected outcomes include: client will not harm others, refrain from intimidating behavior, express feelings verbally, and comply with______________________________

620. Environmental management includes group activities, one‑to‑one interactions, conflict resolution, and protecting vulnerable______________________________

621. Triggering phase interventions include calm approach, empathy, verbal expression, and ______________________________techniques.

622. Escalation phase interventions include taking control, giving firm directions, offering medication, and using a show of______________________________

623. Crisis phase interventions include seclusion or restraint and obtaining a ______________________________order.

624. Recovery phase interventions include discussing triggers and alternatives and completing staff______________________________

625. Postcrisis phase interventions include removing restraints, discussing behavior calmly, and reintegrating into the______________________________

626. Goal of aggression management: teach clients to express feelings______________________________

627. Workplace hostility undermines______________________________

628. Undesirable behaviors include verbal outbursts, physical threats, and ______________________________activities.

629. Workplace bullying includes verbal abuse, intimidation, humiliation, and work______________________________

630. Joint Commission standards require a code of conduct defining acceptable and ______________________________behaviors.

631. Leadership must manage disruptive behaviors and enforce ______________________________tolerance.

632. All staff must be educated on expected professional______________________________

633. All persons are held ______________________________for unacceptable behavior.

634. Hostility aims to intimidate; physical aggression aims to______________________________

635. Most psychiatric clients are ______________________________aggressive.

636. Aggression may occur with psychosis, personality disorders, or______________________________

637. Effective assessment and early action can ______________________________aggressive episodes.

TRAUMA & DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS

638. The COVID‑19 pandemic is considered a ______________________________event.

639. At‑risk groups include health care workers and______________________________

640. Common pandemic issues include social isolation, economic losses, and ______________________________at home.

641. Secondary trauma affects family members of______________________________

642. Common responses to trauma include anxiety, insomnia, difficulty coping, and______________________________

643. Persistent trauma problems include difficulty managing emotions and trouble resuming ______________________________activities.

644. Trauma‑related disorders include adjustment disorder, acute stress disorder, PTSD, and ______________________________disorders.

645. PTSD occurs after experiencing, witnessing, or confronting a ______________________________event.

646. Examples include natural disasters, combat, and______________________________

647. PTSD responses include intense fear, helplessness, or______________________________

648. PTSD symptoms include intrusive thoughts, avoidance, negative cognition, and______________________________

649. PTSD symptoms begin at least ______________________________months after trauma.

650. ASD lasts ______________________________days to 1 month.

651. PTSD is chronic and symptoms may ______________________________in intensity.

652. Clients with PTSD may also develop depression, anxiety, or ______________________________disorders.

653. PTSD can occur at any age, including______________________________

654. One‑third of clients with PTSD have persistent symptoms for______________________________

655. Adjustment disorder involves more difficulty coping with a stressor than______________________________

656. Adjustment disorder symptoms develop within ______________________________month.

657. Adjustment disorder symptoms last no more than ______________________________months.

658. Reactive attachment disorder occurs before age______________________________

659. RAD and DSD result from trauma such as child abuse or______________________________

660. Children with RAD show minimal social responses and may appear sad, irritable, or______________________________

661. PTSD requires a causative______________________________

662. CBT and specialized therapy programs are the most common______________________________

663. Exposure therapy combats ______________________________behavior.

664. Adaptive disclosure is a CBT model developed for ______________________________military.

665. Cognitive processing therapy is used for sexual assault and __________‑related PTSD.

666. Medications for PTSD include SSRIs and______________________________

667. Combination of CBT and medication is more______________________________

668. Adolescents are more likely than children or adults to develop______________________________

669. Adolescents with PTSD are at higher risk for suicide, substance use, and poor ______________________________support.

670. Children are more likely to develop PTSD with a history of parental depression or______________________________

671. Older adults may develop PTSD after a ______________________________fracture.

672. Chronic PTSD may be associated with premature aging and______________________________

673. Community‑based care includes outpatient therapy, group therapy, and ______________________________groups.

674. Clients and families can implement self‑care to promote physical and ______________________________well‑being.

675. Mental health promotion includes processing trauma soon after it occurs and expressing ________________________________________.

676. Ignoring or denying trauma increases risk for future______________________________

677. Dissociation protects the emotional self from ______________________________events.

678. Dissociation allows the mind to remove itself from ______________________________memories.

679. Dissociation disrupts consciousness, memory, identity, or ______________________________perception.

680. Dissociation interferes with relationships and daily______________________________

681. Dissociative amnesia involves inability to remember important ______________________________information.

682. Dissociative fugue involves sudden travel away from home and assumption of a new______________________________

683. Dissociative fugue includes confusion, disorientation, and increased risk of______________________________

684. Dissociative identity disorder involves two or more distinct______________________________

685. DID includes recurrent control of behavior by different identities and ______________________________gaps.

686. DID is often related to severe ______________________________events.

687. Depersonalization involves feeling detached from one’s ______________________________or body.

688. Derealization involves feeling like the environment is ______________________________or unreal.

689. Clients with depersonalization/derealization are not______________________________

690. Treatment for dissociative disorders focuses on______________________________

691. Goals include improved quality of life, functional abilities, and reduced______________________________

692. Medications may be used for co‑occurring anxiety or______________________________

693. Acute stress disorder occurs from 2 days to ______________________________weeks after trauma.

694. PTSD begins at least ______________________________months after trauma.

695. PTSD symptoms include guilt, shame, low self‑esteem, reexperiencing, hyperarousal, and______________________________

696. Clients with PTSD may also develop depression, anxiety, or ______________________________disorders.

697. Dissociation protects the emotional self from the full reality of ______________________________events.

698. People with childhood physical or sexual abuse may develop ______________________________disorders.

699. Dissociative disorders involve disruption in consciousness, memory, identity, and ______________________________perception.

700. Grounding techniques help minimize dissociative episodes or ______________________________.

NEUROBIOLOGY ANSWER KEY

1 involuntary
2 brain
3 rest of the body
4 sensory
5 right
6 left
7 moral
8 spatial
9 emotional
10 visual
11 postural
12 impulse
13 awareness
14 movement
15 emotion
16 impulsive
17 episodic
18 pleasure
19 synapses
20 receptors
21 inhibitory
22 excitatory
23 schizophrenia
24 Parkinson’s
25 dopamine
26 mood
27 anxiety
28 emotions
29 serotonin
30 hypotension
31 Alzheimer’s
32 high
33 inhibitory
34 GABA
35 ventricular
36 tissue
37 brain
38 single
39 availability
40 environment
41 mental
42 stress
43 mental
44 psychosis
45 therapeutic
46 maximum
47 bloodstream
48 approved
49 life‑threatening
50 target
51 withdrawal
52 psychosis
53 D2
54 serotonin
55 D2
56 swallowing
57 pill
58 restlessness
59 facial
60 autonomic
61 diabetes
62 photosensitivity
63 3–4

PSYCHOPHARM ANSWER KEY

64 serotonin
65 depressed
66 eating
67 norepinephrine
68 4–6
69 blurred
70 ileus
71 norepinephrine
72 hypertensive
73 tyramine
74 antihypertensives
75 serotonin
76 depression
77 sexual
78 morning
79 8
80 norepinephrine
81 blood pressure
82 dopamine
83 seizure
84 histamine
85 weight
86 sedation
87 liver
88 SSRIs
89 hyperreflexia
90 bipolar
91 mood
92 dopamine
93 0.5–1.5
94 12
95 metallic
96 coordination
97 death
98 GABA
99 kindling
100 neural
101 agranulocytosis
102 epidermal
103 12
104 GABA
105 psychological
106 fatal
107 coordination
108 falls
109 serotonin
110 not
111 ADHD
112 dextroamphetamine
113 SNRI
114 serotonin
115 heart
116 weight
117 sugar
118 alcohol
119 aldehyde
120 weakness
121 alcohol
122 sobriety
123 renal

MOOD DISORDERS ANSWER KEY

124 energy
125 intense
126 impair
127 2
128 suicide
129 mania
130 1
131 functional
132 depression
133 mild depression
134 30s
135 a few
136 mood‑stabilizing
137 mood
138 mood
139 10
140 light
141 carbohydrate
142 without
143 4
144 immediate
145 social
146 environmental
147 2–3
148 40–50
149 depression
150 mania
151 decreased
152 impulsivity
153 depression
154 depression
155 future
156 culture
157 women
158 mid‑20s
159 psychotic
160 quickly
161 6
162 suicidal
163 6–12
164 antipsychotics
165 brain
166 depression
167 suicide
168 mood
169 possessions
170 intent
171 dangerous
172 hopelessness
173 years
174 depression
175 supportive
176 substances
177 functional
178 irritable
179 relieve distress

ANXIETY ANSWER KEY

180 stress
181 exhaustion
182 cortisol
183 survival
184 energy
185 fight‑or‑flight
186 baseline
187 increased
188 alertness
189 concentrating
190 motor activity
191 freeze
192 safety
193 learning
194 directions
195 teaching
196 safe
197 short
198 decisions
199 disabling
200 GAD
201 impulse
202 injury
203 relaxation
204 stressors
205 25
206 younger
207 upset
208 increased
209 hyperventilation
210 heart rate
211 dependence
212 dependence
213 social
214 speak
215 medical
216 intoxication
217 attachment figures
218 higher
219 high
220 anxiety
221 PTSD
222 depression
223 defense
224 coping
225 interpersonal
226 interpersonal
227 learned
228 feared
229 anxiety
230 6
231 sleep
232 psychotherapy
233 progressive muscle
234 distorted
235 catastrophic
236 assertive
237 10–30
238 shortness
239 1
240 agoraphobia
241 avoiding
242 others
243 fear
244 feared
245 animal
246 childhood
247 social
248 foolish
249 medication
250 dementia
251 SSRIs
252 fall
253 support
254 coping
255 realistic

OCD ANSWER KEY

256 thoughts
257 behaviors
258 praying
259 childhood
260 lifelong
261 fluctuate
262 hoarding
263 environmental
264 worsen
265 alone
266 unhelpful
267 childhood; 20s
268 adolescence
269 remission
270 skin‑picking
271 self‑soothing
272 hair‑pulling
273 grooming; childhood
274 defect
275 eating
276 ineffective
277 cluttered
278 30; 40
279 stealing; stealing
280 shopping; ownership
281 women
282 amputation
283 cognitive‑behavioral
284 it will happen
285 uncertainty
286 moral
287 guilt
288 intrusive
289 spiritual
290 stigma
291 sertraline
292 second
293 olanzapine
294 triggers
295 rituals
296 superior
297 limbic
298 organic
299 home
300 online
301 trust
302 coping
303 routine
304 consistency
305 support
306 positive
307 OCD
308 gambling
309 excoriation
310 DSM
311 intrusive
312 worsen
313 anxiety
314 trichotillomania
315 hoarding

SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS ANSWER KEY (316–403)

316 public health
317 third
318 40
319 three
320 alcohol
321 eight
322 behavioral
323 130
324 potent
325 fatal
326 overdose
327 alcohol
328 breathing
329 500
330 treatment
331 health
332 opioid
333 illicit
334 intended
335 withdrawal
336 multiple
337 stops
338 withdrawing
339 mood
340 teens
341 20s
342 functioning
343 more
344 intoxication
345 40–60
346 one
347 relapse
348 duration
349 outcomes
350 infections
351 suicide
352 4–12
353 hallucinations
354 delirium
355 supportive
356 Korsakoff
357 cardiac
358 depressants
359 coordination
360 death
361 psychomotor
362 taper
363 methamphetamine
364 judgment
365 dilated
366 death
367 suicidal
368 red
369 psychotic
370 irritability
371 euphoria
372 judgment
373 death
374 overdose
375 vomiting
376 maintenance
377 reality
378 hallucinations
379 coma
380 observation
381 months
382 solvents
383 coordination
384 death
385 medical
386 abstinence
387 inpatient
388 halfway
389 alcohol
390 cravings
391 opioid
392 opioids
393 mental
394 50
395 activity
396 substance use
397 denial
398 coping
399 enabling
400 financial
401 community
402 thinking
403 substance

PERSONALITY DISORDERS ANSWER KEY (404–552)

404 perceiving
405 behaviors
406 personality
407 environment
408 social
409 inflexible
410 identity diffusion
411 expense
412 stable
413 problems
414 cultural
415 gain
416 exploitation
417 close
418 empathy
419 aggression
420 labile
421 judgment
422 impulsive
423 maladaptive
424 perceptual
425 disorder
426 impulse control
427 empathy
428 ingrained
429 childhood
430 occupational
431 personality
432 long
433 slow
434 others
435 victims
436 18
437 odd
438 dramatic
439 anxious
440 schizotypal
441 narcissistic
442 obsessive
443 lifelong
444 distrust
445 malevolent
446 psychotic
447 guarded
448 projection
449 neutral
450 boundaries
451 others
452 facts
453 social
454 emotional
455 aloof
456 fantasy
457 group home
458 functioning
459 deficits
460 close
461 ideas of reference
462 tangential
463 inappropriate
464 friend
465 social
466 clear
467 rights
468 3
469 20s
470 charm
471 guilt
472 caught
473 aggression
474 conflict
475 problem
476 risky
477 job
478 affect
479 impulsivity
480 women
481 8–10
482 help
483 unstable
484 trauma
485 dysphoric
486 splitting
487 abandonment
488 psychosis
489 limit
490 directly
491 emotionality
492 dramatic
493 seductively
494 shallow
495 relationships
496 social
497 empathy
498 envy
499 achievements
500 insight
501 superior
502 inadequacy
503 negative
504 intimacy
505 withdrawn
506 self‑esteem
507 reassurance
508 support
509 decisions
510 helplessness
511 independence
512 orderliness
513 control
514 inappropriate
515 negative
516 resistance
517 lower
518 adult
519 30
520 environmental
521 3
522 worry
523 impulsive
524 approval
525 easily
526 self‑transcendence
527 hostility
528 development
529 cultural
530 borderline
531 psychotherapy
532 seek
533 antipsychotics
534 carbamazepine
535 benzodiazepines
536 valproate
537 SSRIs
538 coping
539 positive
540 emotions
541 emotional
542 consistency
543 manipulation
544 listening
545 crisis
546 autonomy
547 functioning
548 support
549 poor
550 personality
551 individualized
552 instability

ANGER, HOSTILITY, AGGRESSION ANSWER KEY (553–637)

553 verbal
554 passive
555 powerless
556 destroying
557 compliance
558 anger
559 control
560 physical
561 regaining
562 normal
563 triggering
564 dangerous
565 command
566 antisocial
567 suicide
568 clenched fists
569 communication
570 assertive
571 behavioral
572 threatened
573 noise
574 concrete
575 escalation
576 feelings
577 relaxation
578 clearly
579 safety
580 possible
581 protected
582 respected
583 conflict
584 physical
585 remorse
586 vulnerable
587 depressive
588 injury
589 stressor
590 relief
591 males
592 actions
593 frustration
594 internal
595 portrayal
596 mental
597 aggressive
598 aggressive
599 aggression
600 toddlers
601 impulse
602 control
603 anger
604 Korea
605 Haiti
606 Malaysia
607 psychiatric
608 team
609 seclusion
610 conduct
611 brain injury
612 disorders
613 psychosis
614 benztropine
615 expectations
616 aggression
617 violence
618 coping
619 treatment
620 clients
621 relaxation
622 strength
623 physician
624 debriefing
625 milieu
626 safely
627 teamwork
628 sabotaging
629 sabotage
630 unacceptable
631 zero
632 behavior
633 accountable
634 harm
635 not
636 substance use
637 prevent

TRAUMA & DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS ANSWER KEY (638–700)

638 traumatic
639 essential workers
640 violence
641 victims
642 nightmares
643 daily
644 dissociative
645 life‑threatening
646 assault
647 horror
648 arousal
649 3
650 3
651 fluctuate
652 substance use
653 childhood
654 years
655 expected
656 one
657 six
658 5
659 neglect
660 fearful
661 trauma
662 treatments
663 avoidance
664 active‑duty
665 combat
666 SNRIs
667 effective
668 PTSD
669 social
670 trauma
671 hip
672 cognitive decline
673 support
674 emotional
675 feelings
676 PTSD
677 overwhelming
678 traumatic
679 perception
680 functioning
681 personal
682 identity
683 harm
684 personalities
685 memory
686 traumatic
687 self
688 distorted
689 psychotic
690 integration
691 symptoms
692 depression
693 4
694 3
695 flashbacks
696 substance use
697 traumatic
698 dissociative
699 perception
700 flashbacks