ELA Final Study Guide: Hero's Journey, Grammar, and Sentence Structure

Ordinary World: The setting, such as place, time, and other context.
Call to Adventure: The hero is given a task or finds a problem they must solve.
Refusal: The Hero refuses the Cal l to adventure.
Mentor/Helper: A new or existing character becomes known to the hero to help the hero join the adventure.
Crossing the Thresh- old: The Hero and Mentor/others cross the line on their journey.
Tests, Allies, and Ene- mies: The characters face chal lenges, and new characters they must help or fight.
Approach: The Hero approaches their battle to complete their task.
Ordeal: The final struggle. The Hero loses something(Their life, weapon, Mentor) but returns stronger.
Treasure: The Hero receives a precious treasure.
The Road Back: A summary of events that happen as the hero and company return home.
Growth: The Hero begins to become accepting of their travels and growth.
Reward: The Hero returns home in their normal now-changed home.

Major elements of sci-fi: Futuristic setting, and technological advancements.
Major elements of Historical fiction: A correct setting and characters who have similar behavior to the time.

Simple sentence: a sentence consisting of only one clause, with a single subject and predicate.
A very short sentence: A clause containing a subject and a verb.
The Adverb Start Sen- tence: a word or phrase placed at the beginning of a sentence to modify the entire clause.
The W Start Sentence: begins with a word starting with the letter W.
The em-dash Sen- tence: used to indicate a strong, abrupt break in thought, add emphasis, or replace commas, parentheses, or colons.
The Explore the Sub- ject Sentence: a thorough investigation, study, or examination of a specific topic, theme, or issue.

The Lawyer Para- graph: a paragraph that should contain only one main idea or fact, often introduced by a topic sentence.
The Hammer Para- graph: a direct, evidence-driven body paragraph designed to "hammer home" a point.
The Compare/Con- trast Paragraph: analyzes two or more subjects by examining their similarities.

Complete subject: made up of a noun or pronoun and words that tel l about it.
complete predicate: made up of a verb and words that tel l about what the subject is, has, or does.
simple subject: most important word or words in the complete subject.
understood subject: the person being spoken to.
simple predicate: a verb.
compound subject: two or more subjects joined by a conjunction.
compound predicate: two or more verbs joined by a conjunction.
antecedent: the word or words the pronoun refers to.

Fragment: Does not tel l a complete thought.
Run-on Sentence: A compound sentence that is missing a comma and a conjunction.
comma splice: a run-on sentence that has a comma but is missing a conjuction.
ramble-on sentence: a grammatical ly correct sentence but contains extra words and phrases.

declarative sentence: makes a statement and ends with a period.
interrogative sen- tence: asks a question and ends with a question mark.
imperative sentence: A sentence that requests or commands.
exclamatory sentence: a sentence expressing strong feeling, usual ly punctuated with an exclama- tion mark.