fitness

AA 5 offspring

Aa 4 offspring

aa 1 offspring

fitness is about reproductive capacity not survival

negative frequncy

  • rare species are more favored when their in small amounts within a population, else the numbers will decrease

disruptive

  • bimodal

too many or too little offspring don't benefit a species, so after many generations, the species offspring settles in the middlez

directional

  • involves bell curve

sexual dimorphism

  • males n females are significantly different in a species

intra- males fight

inter- females choose mates

luck plays arole in evolution

homologous structures (arms in humans to dogsto birds to whales)

wallace line

  • invis lineA between Indonesia and aus, marsupial and Indo-Pacific animals separation

p dom

q rec

  • l

  • l

  • k

  • k

  • KP kk

  • k

  • kk

h tu

malthusian