History Test review
STUDY SET — Unit 5: Key Events, People, Movements, and Sectional Differences
SECTION 1: Key Events & Movements
Trail of Tears → The forced relocation of Cherokee Indians to Oklahoma caused by the Indian Removal Act.
Indian Removal Act → Law that authorized the removal of Native Americans from their homelands to western territories.
Worcester v. Georgia → Supreme Court case where the Court ruled in favor of Cherokee sovereignty; the president ignored the ruling.
2nd Great Awakening → A religious revival that led to major social reform movements.
Temperance Movement → Movement that attempted to limit the use of alcohol.
Abolitionist Movement → Movement that campaigned to end slavery.
Women’s Suffrage Movement → Movement where women fought for voting rights, including at the Seneca Falls Convention.
Seneca Falls Convention → Women’s rights meeting focused on voting rights; birthplace of the suffrage movement.
Texas Revolution → A war for independence from Mexico.
Battle of the Alamo → A major battle that increased American support for the Texas Revolution.
Mexican-American War → War fought over a border dispute with Mexico.
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo → Treaty that ended the Mexican-American War.
Mexican Cession → Land gained by the US after the war, helping fulfill Manifest Destiny.
SECTION 2: North vs. South Sectional Differences
Northern Economy → Industrial economy.
North & Slavery → Opposed slavery.
North & Tariffs → Supported tariffs.
North Reformers → Included abolitionists.
Southern Economy → Agricultural economy.
South & Slavery → Supported slavery.
South & Tariffs → Opposed tariffs.
South & Fugitive Slave Act → Supported the Fugitive Slave Act.
SECTION 3: Key People
Harriet Beecher Stowe → Wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin, an anti-slavery novel that increased support for the abolitionist movement.
Tecumseh → United Indigenous tribes to resist American expansion in the Ohio River Valley.
Sequoyah → Created a writing system for the Cherokee language.
Chief John Ross → Defended Cherokee rights in court, including in Worcester v. Georgia.
John Marshall → Supreme Court Justice who ruled in favor of Cherokee sovereignty in Worcester v. Georgia.
Andrew Jackson → President who implemented the Indian Removal Act and supported the spoils system; ignored Worcester ruling.
William Lloyd Garrison → White abolitionist who published the antislavery newspaper The Liberator.
Sojourner Truth → Abolitionist who also campaigned for women’s rights.
Frederick Douglass → Former enslaved man who escaped and became a leading abolitionist speaker and publisher (The North Star).
Chief Logan → Native leader who advocated for peace until his family was massacred.
SECTION 4: Categorizing Movements
Women’s Suffrage
Seneca Falls Convention
Seneca Falls Declaration
Abolitionism
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Dred Scott Decision
Nat Turner’s Rebellion
Indigenous Peoples
Assimilation
Worcester v. Georgia
Trail of Tears
SECTION 5: Key Vocabulary
Slave Revolts → Increased Southern fears and demands for stronger Fugitive Slave Laws.
Assimilation → Forcing Native Americans into American culture, sometimes through boarding schools.
Boarding Schools → Schools where Native children were taken to be assimilated.
Spoils System → Jackson rewarding political supporters with jobs.
Sectionalism → Economic, political, and social division between North and South.
Manifest Destiny → Belief that the US was destined to expand to the Pacific Ocean.
Abolitionism → Movement to end slavery.
Nullification Crisis → South Carolina refused federal tariffs; Jackson sent troops to enforce compliance.
The Common Man → Era when voting rights expanded to white men without property.
Popular Sovereignty → When people of a territory vote on whether to allow slavery.
SECTION 6: The Compromises
Missouri Compromise (1820)
Missouri enters as a slave state.
Maine enters as a free state.
36°30’ line divides free/slave states.
Compromise of 1850
California enters as a free state.
Popular sovereignty in Utah and New Mexico.
Fugitive Slave Act passed.
Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
Popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska.
Repealed the Missouri Compromise line.
Led to violence over slavery (“Bleeding Kansas”).