psych unit 2

Central nervous system (brain and spine)

Peripheral nervous system

Somatic nervous system

Autonomic nervous system

Sympathetic vs parasympathetic nervous system

Glial cell

Neurons

Reflex arc

(Afferent) Sensory neurons

(Efferent) Motor neurons

Interneurons

Neural transmission

• All-or-nothing principle

• Action potential

• Depolarization

• Refractory period

• Resting potential

• Reuptake

• Firing threshold

Multiple sclerosis

Myasthenia gravis

Neurotransmitters: excitatory or inhibitory

Dopamine

Serotonin

Norepinephrine

Glutamate

GABA

Endorphins

Substance P

Acetylcholine

Hormones

• Adrenaline

• Leptin

• Ghrelin

• Melatonin

• Oxytocin

• Agonist vs. antagonist

• Reuptake inhibitors

• Psychoactive drugs

• Stimulants (caffeine, cocaine)

• Depressants (alcohol)

• Hallucinogens (marijuana)

• Opioids (heroin)

• Tolerance

• Addiction/dependence

• Withdrawal symptoms

Brainstem

Medulla

Reticular activating system

Reward center

Cerebellum

Cerebral cortex

Hemispheres

Limbic system

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Pituitary gland

Amygdala

Hippocampus

Corpus callosum

Lobes of the cortex

Occipital lobes

Frontal lobes (prefrontal cortex, motor cortex)

Temporal lobes

Parietal lobes (somatosensory cortex, association areas)

Split brain research

Specialization of right/left hemispheres

Broca’s area

Wernicke's area

Aphasia

Test with split brain patients

Contralateral organization

Plasticity

EEG

fMRI

Case studies

Lesioning procedure