Comprehensive Final Exam Review Flashcards

Comprehensive Final Exam Overview

• Exam Date: Tuesday, April 29, 2025 at 08:00
• Total Questions: 100
• Study Materials: Presentations, in-class activities, jeopardies, and readings.

Health Promotion: Levels of Prevention

• Primary Prevention: Focuses on preventing disease before it occurs.
  • Example: Opening of a new bike path.
• Secondary Prevention: Aims to detect disease early and intervene.
  • Example: Mammogram for early detection of breast cancer.
• Tertiary Prevention: Focuses on managing diseases post-diagnosis to slow or stop disease progression.
  • Example: Rehabilitation for stroke patients.

Leading Causes of Death in the US

• Key issues identified in the Healthy People 2030 initiative.

Cultural and Linguistic Competence

• Health Literacy: Understanding and use of health information.
• Cultural Competency: Ability to provide care respecting cultural needs and practices.
• Vulnerable Populations: Groups who experience health disparities due to social, economic, or environmental disadvantages.
  • At-risk groups include ethnic minorities, low-income individuals, and the elderly.
• Ethnocentrism: Belief in the superiority of one’s own culture, affecting culturally competent care.

Health Promotion: Exercise and Wellness

• Types of Exercise:
  • Aerobic: Increases endurance (e.g., running, cycling).
  • Anaerobic: Builds muscle strength (e.g., weight lifting).
  • Strength Training: Involves resistance exercises.
• Benefits of Exercise:
  • Reduces risks of chronic disease, improves mental health, increases longevity.

Stress Management

• Types of Stress:
  • Distress: Negative stress impacting health.
  • Eustress: Positive stress motivating actions.
• Management Techniques: Mindfulness, exercise, therapy.

Nutrition and Body Composition

• Body Composition and Obesity: Implications on health (e.g., diabetes risk).
• Healthy vs Unhealthy Behaviors: Importance of balanced diet and physical activity.
• Nutritional Information:
  • Vitamins and Minerals: Vital for various body functions.
  • Macronutrients & Micronutrients: Essential for energy and proper body function.
• Food Labeling: Understanding nutritional information for making healthy choices.
• Food Insecurity: Access issue impacting health and nutrition.

Sleep and Body Systems

• Sleep Stages: Importance of REM and quality sleep for health.
• Recommended Hours of Sleep: Adults generally need 7-9 hours for optimal health.
• Sleep Disorders: Examples include insomnia, sleep apnea.

Addiction and Substance Use

• Alcohol:
  • Definition of standard drink, effects on the body, college students' risks, and signs of poisoning.
• Tobacco: Impact of nicotine on health.
• Drug Addiction:
  • Types: Opioids, cocaine, marijuana, and their effects on the body (dependence, withdrawal).
• Narcan: Used for opioid overdose reversal.

Emotional and Mental Health

• Positive Psychology: Focus on strengths and what makes life worth living.
• Coping Mechanisms:
  • Defense mechanisms (e.g., avoidance) and their implications.
• Risk of Suicide: Importance of mental health awareness.

Sexuality and Relationships

• Healthy vs. Unhealthy Relationships: Recognizing signs of violence and support resources.
• STIs: Understanding transmission and prevention methods.

Cardiovascular Health

• Blood Flow and Blood Pressure: Importance in overall cardiovascular health.
• Cardiovascular Diseases: Risk factors and prevention strategies.

Cancer Awareness

• Normal vs. Cancer Cells: Understanding malignancy and metastasis.
• CAUTION Guidelines for Skin Cancer:
  • ABCD Screening (Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter).
• Cancer Staging: Stages of cancer and implications for treatment.

Epidemiology and Screening

• Types of Screening:
  • Primordial, primary, secondary, tertiary.
• Understanding Prevalence, Incidence, and the significance of screenings.

Key Terminology

• Familiarize with crucial terms relevant to the exam including:
  • Health literacy, empowerment, health disparity, epidemiology, morbidity, mortality, etc.
  • Definitions of medical terminology for clarity.

Study Tips

• Review all terms and definitions provided in previous classes and materials for comprehensive understanding.
• Regularly test yourself using jeopardy and other interactive activities for retention.