Peniche, P. (English)

This paper analyzes the connection between health and war, specifically during the Caste War in Yucatán from 1847 to 1901.
The study utilizes both qualitative and quantitative sources to understand crucial health events and the broader implications on health amidst the conflict.

Health and War: Armed conflict creates conditions for the emergence of diseases, influencing morbidity and mortality rates.
Caste War Background: A major rebellion by Maya against Yucatan's government characterized by complex motives beyond racial tensions.
Health Factors Analyzed: Discussion on diseases such as yellow fever, cholera, and smallpox, and their impact on population health during the war.

Historical Anthropology: The paper adopts methodologies from historical anthropology and demography to analyze health impacts through qualitative sources, detailed readings of archival materials, and burial records.
Data Sources: Includes government reports, medical journals, letters, and church records to capture health events and mortality during the Caste War.

Political Landscape: The Yucatán experienced two conflicting political ideologies during the early 19th century—federalism vs. centralism.
Impact of Displacement: The violent conflict led to significant displacements resulting in overcrowding in cities, exacerbating health conditions and mortality.

Yellow Fever Outbreaks: Yellow fever significantly impacted troops unfamiliar with the disease, leading to high mortality rates among centralist forces.
Cholera Epidemics: Cholera spread alongside armed conflicts, culminating in severe health crises particularly during the political upheaval in 1853.
Smallpox: The outbreak in 1874 originated from external sources, further highlighting the effects of wartime conditions on public health systems.

Demographic Impacts: The analysis reveals that patterns of mortality were closely related to the stages of the Caste War, indicating peaks in death rates correlated with specific epidemic events.
Epidemic Events: Key health crises identified include outbreaks of yellow fever, cholera, and smallpox during significant military campaigns and social disruptions.

War’s Role in Health Dynamics: The findings underscore how war alters public health landscapes, leads to epidemic outbreaks, and significantly influences demographic trends over prolonged periods.
Need for Further Research: Suggests more investigation into the long-term demographic impacts and health policies arising from the Caste War's context.