Year 7 Science End of Year Exam Comprehensive Revision Guide

Introduction to Science

• Laboratory Safety Procedures   - Comprehensive knowledge of how to maintain safety within a laboratory environment is required for the exam.

• Hazard Symbols Recognition   - Ability to recognize and understand the implications of the main hazard symbols used in science.

• Experimental Variables   - Independent Variable: The factor that is changed or manipulated in an experiment.   - Dependent Variable: The factor that is measured or observed in response to changes in the independent variable.   - Control Variables: The factors that are kept constant to ensure a fair test.

• Scientific Graphing and Data Representation   - Proficiency in drawing accurate bar charts based on provided data.   - Proficiency in drawing line graphs, ensuring correct scaling and plotting of data points.

Working Safely in Science (Chemistry)

• Comprehensive Hazard Symbols Knowledge   - Exhaustive knowledge of all standard scientific hazard symbols.

• Bunsen Burner Operation   - Step-by-step procedures on how to safely light a Bunsen burner.

• Flame Experiments and Analysis   - Methodology for the experiment used to identify and locate the hottest part of a Bunsen burner flame.   - Methodology for the experiment used to determine which type of flame is the hottest.

• Laboratory Apparatus   - Recognition and identification of common laboratory glassware and tools.   - Ability to produce accurate scientific drawings of laboratory apparatus.

• Measurement Skills   - Correct technique for using a measuring cylinder, including reading the meniscus.

• Scientific Units and Conversions   - Units of Volume: Including conversions between units such as $cm^3$ and $dm^3$.   - Units of Temperature: Correct usage of degrees Celsius.   - Units of Mass: Including conversions between grams ($g$) and kilograms ($kg$).

Cells to Systems (Biology)

• The Seven Life Processes   - Ability to list all seven processes essential for life (often referred to by the mnemonic MRS GREN: Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, and Nutrition).

• Cell Structure and Function   - Animal Cells: Ability to draw and label a typical animal cell, identifying the function of each constituent part.   - Plant Cells: Ability to draw and label a typical plant cell, identifying the functions of parts uniquely found in plants (e.g., cell wall, chloroplasts, large permanent vacuole) as well as shared parts.

• Specialised Cells   - Explanation of how specific specialised cells (such as sperm cells, nerve cells, or root hair cells) are structurally adapted to perform their specific biological functions.

• Microscopy   - Detailed description of how to operate a microscope, including focusing and slide preparation.

• Biological Levels of Organisation   - Understanding and describing the hierarchy of organization in the human body: Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism.

• The Human Skeleton   - Description of the primary functions of the skeleton, including support, protection of vital organs, movement (attachment for muscles), and blood cell production.

Forces (Physics)

• Force Identification and Diagrams   - Naming common forces such as friction, air resistance, upthrust, and tension.   - Constructing Free-body diagrams to show the magnitude and direction of forces acting on an object.

• Mass vs. Weight   - Mass: A measure of the amount of matter in an object, measured in $kg$.   - Weight: The force of gravity acting on an object's mass, measured in Newtons ($N$).

• Weight Formula   - $Weight = mass \times gravity$

• Newton's Second Law Formula   - $Force = mass \times acceleration$

• Resultant Force   - Calculation of the resultant (net) force acting on an object by combining vectors.

• Speed and Motion Calculations   - Formula for speed: $speed = \frac{distance}{time}$   - Analysis of distance-time graphs to explain the nature of a journey (e.g., stationary, constant speed, acceleration/deceleration).

Using Senses, Water, Acids, and Alkalis (Chemistry)

• States of Matter   - Knowledge of the changes of state: melting, freezing, evaporation (boiling), and condensation.

• Properties of Substances and Impurities   - Understanding how the presence of impurities affects the boiling points and melting points of pure substances.

• Chemistry of Water   - Chemical formula of water: $H_2O$   - Testing for Gases:     - Hydrogen Test: The squeaky pop test.     - Oxygen Test: Relighting a glowing splint.

• The Hydrological Cycle   - Comprehensive understanding of the water cycle processes (evaporation, condensation, precipitation, etc.).

• Separation Techniques   - Detailed process for separating salt from rock salt, involving the use of water as a solvent, filtration, and evaporation.

• Vocabulary of Solutions (The 'Sol' Words)   - Solute: The substance that is dissolved.   - Solvent: The liquid in which the solute dissolves.   - Solution: The mixture formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent.   - Soluble: A substance that can dissolve in a specific solvent.   - Insoluble: A substance that cannot dissolve in a specific solvent.

• Acids and Alkalis   - Identification of examples for both strong and weak acids.   - Identification of examples for both strong and weak alkalis.

• The pH Scale and Indicators   - Understanding the pH scale range and the specific colors associated with Universal Indicator when testing various substances.

• Physical vs. Chemical Changes   - Physical Change: Usually reversible, no new substances are formed (e.g., melting ice).   - Chemical Change: Usually irreversible, new chemical substances are formed (e.g., burning, neutralizing).