Myelin Structure and Function

Myelin: Structure and Function

• Myelin has been previously mentioned regarding neuron structure and glial cells (oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells).
• Myelin is a complex of lipid and protein that acts as an insulator of the axon.

Insulation and Signal Transmission

• Neurons communicate via action potentials, which require electrical transmission.
• Myelin protects and insulates the electrical signal, preventing signal loss along the axon.

Myelin-Producing Cells

• Central Nervous System (CNS): Oligodendrocytes secrete myelin and can coat axons of multiple neurons.
• Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Schwann cells myelinate a single axon of a single neuron.

Importance of Myelination

• Myelination is essential for the conduction and propagation of messages within neurons.
• Myelination occurs from in utero through to maturity.
• As myelination progresses, the functions of the nervous system become more sophisticated, as observed from babies to adults.

Signal Propagation

• Long axons are typically coated with myelin to maintain the intensity of the electrical impulse.
• Conduction is faster in myelinated axons compared to unmyelinated axons.
• Myelin ensures the speed and intensity of the signal are maintained, though the differences are in milliseconds.