APUSH Unit 6 Test IDS

Key Terms and Concepts

Transcontinental Railroad

  • Definition: A railroad that connected East and West America.

  • Impact: Brought jobs and revenue to regions in the U.S.

Protective Tariff

  • Definition: A tax placed on manufactured goods imported into the United States.

Treaty of Kanagawa

  • Definition: Allowed U.S. ships to refuel at two Japanese ports.

Burlingame Treaty

  • Definition: Guaranteed rights for U.S. missionaries in China and set official terms for the emigration of Chinese laborers.

Munn v. Illinois

  • Case Overview: Supreme Court case that affirmed states' rights to regulate key businesses, including railroads and grain elevators.

Gold Standard

  • Definition: A monetary system where paper notes were backed by gold held in banks' vaults.

Crime of 1873

  • Definition: U.S. Treasury directive to cease minting silver dollars, transitioning to paper notes over six years.

Homestead Act

  • Definition: Gave 160 acres of federal land to individuals who occupied and improved the property.

Morrill Act

  • Definition: Set aside 140 million acres of federal land for states to sell and fund public universities.

  • Purpose: To broaden educational opportunities and foster expertise in technical and scientific fields.

Land-Grant Colleges

  • Overview: Educational institutions supported by sales of federal land to promote access to education.

Important Events

Comstock Lode

  • Definition: A significant lode of silver ore located under a mountain in Virginia City, Nevada.

Long Drive

  • Definition: The practice of hiring cowboys to herd cattle hundreds of miles to new rail lines.

"Rain Follows the Plow"

  • Concept: The belief that increased settlement would lead to increased rainfall in the Great Plains.

Exodusters

  • Definition: African American settlers who participated in a mass migration to Kansas seeking better opportunities.

Yellowstone National Park

  • Creation: Established largely due to the growing tourism spurred by the railroads.

U.S. Fisheries Commission

  • Role: Made recommendations aimed at stemming the decline of wild fish populations.

Sand Creek Massacre

  • Event: A tragic assault on the Cheyenne tribe by Colorado militia.

Fetterman Massacre

  • Event: A successful Sioux ambush that closed the Bozeman Trail, resulting in the death of Fetterman and 80 soldiers.

Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock

  • Case Overview: Affirmed Congress's ability to make Indian policies, disregarding existing treaties.

Dawes Severalty Act

  • Purpose: To allot land individually to Native Americans on reservations rather than by tribes.

Battle of Little Bighorn

  • Event: A military engagement where Plains Indians achieved the final victory against the U.S. Army, avenging the Cheyenne.

Cultural Movements

Ghost Dance Movement

  • Description: A spiritual revival among Native Americans; fostered hopes of resurrecting the buffalo and reclaiming land.

Wounded Knee

  • Event: The massacre of nearly 300 Lakota people by U.S. soldiers, marking a tragic end to Indian resistance.

Key People

William Seward

  • Role: Advocated for the U.S. to acquire naval bases in the Pacific and Caribbean.

Emmeline Wells

  • Contributions: Long-time editor and women's rights advocate; influential in local women's groups.

John Wesley Powell

  • Achievements: Explored the upper Colorado River and Grand Canyon; notable for disability and bravery.

Chief Joseph

  • Role: Leader of the Wallowa band of Nez Perce during tumultuous times in U.S. history.

Sitting Bull

  • Status: Leader of the Lakota Sioux during crucial conflicts with U.S. forces.

George Armstrong Custer

  • Background: U.S. Army officer with notable service in both the Civil War and Indian Wars.

Geronimo

  • Role: Military leader and spiritual figure of the Apache people, noted for his resistance against U.S. policy.

Ohiyesa (Dr. Charles Eastman)

  • Contributions: One of the first Native American physicians trained in Western medicine; author on Sioux history.

Buffalo Bill Cody

  • Legacy: Soldier and showman; significant for his role in portraying the Wild West.

Frederick Jackson Turner

  • Theory: Known for the Frontier Thesis, which argued that westward expansion significantly impacted American history.