Test

1. Manifest Destiny (1840s)

1. Manifest Destiny was the belief that the United States was meant to expand across North America.

2. Many Americans moved west for land, gold, farming, and new opportunities.

3. Westward expansion forced many Native Americans off their land and led to conflicts and relocation.

2. Invention of the Cotton Gin (1793)

1. Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin.

2. The cotton gin quickly separated cotton fibers from seeds.

3. It made cotton farming more profitable, which increased the demand for enslaved labor in the South.

3. Louisiana Purchase (1803)

1. Thomas Jefferson bought the Louisiana Territory.

2. France sold the land to the United States.

3. The U.S. gained control of the Mississippi River and the port of New Orleans.

4. Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804–1806)

1. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were explorers sent west by Jefferson.

2. Jefferson sent them to explore the Louisiana Territory, map the land, and find a water route to the Pacific Ocean.

3. Sacagawea was a Native American guide and interpreter who helped them travel and communicate with tribes.

5. War of 1812 (1812–1815)

1. The United States and United Kingdom fought in the War of 1812.

2. The U.S. was upset because Britain was interfering with trade and forcing American sailors into the British navy.

3. British troops burned parts of Washington, D.C., including the White House.

4. Andrew Jackson became famous during the war.

5. Many Native Americans lost land and power after supporting Britain in the war.

6. Erie Canal (Completed in 1825)

1. The Erie Canal connected the Hudson River to Lake Erie.

2. It made trade and travel faster, cheaper, and easier.

3. The canal helped New York grow in population, business, and trade, especially New York City. 7. Texas Annexation (1845)

7. Texas Annexation

1. Annexation means adding land or territory to a country.

2. Texas became part of the United States in 1845.

3. Mexico was angry because it still claimed Texas and disagreed about the border.

8. Mexican-American War (1846–1848)

1. The United States and Mexico fought in the Mexican-American War.

2. The war began because of border disputes after Texas was annexed by the U.S.

3. The United States gained land in the Southwest, including California and parts of present-day Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, and Colorado.

9. Compromise of 1850

1. The Compromise of 1850 was a group of laws meant to reduce conflict between free and slave states.

2. It admitted California as a free state.

3. The Fugitive Slave Act required escaped enslaved people to be returned to their enslavers, even if they were found in free states.

10. Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

11. The Kansas-Nebraska Act created the Kansas and Nebraska territories.

12. Settlers would vote on whether slavery would be allowed there.

13. “Bleeding Kansas” was a period of violent fighting between pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups in Kansas.