CN

Unit 1: Introduction to Networks

1.1 Learning Objectives

  • Understand computer network technology basics.

  • Recognize the need for computer networks.

  • Identify various applications and components of computer networks.

  • Comprehend different network benefits and classifications.

  • Classify networks by their components and roles.

1.2 Introduction to Computer Networks

  • The integration of computers and communications has transformed organizational needs.

  • Standalone computers are replaced by interconnected systems called computer networks.

  • Today, government, businesses, educational institutions, and individuals rely on networks.

1.2.1 Fundamentals of Computer Network (Definition)

  • Definition: A communication process between computers/devices to share data and resources.

  • Components include nodes (computers, printers) connected by communication channels.

  • A network facilitates data sharing labelled as data network (e.g., Internet).

  • Communication rules are governed by protocols.

1.2.2 Need of Computer Network

  • Vitality of emails, blogs, and online services.

  • Benefits of networks include:

    • Cost reduction via resource sharing.

    • High reliability through multiple supply sources.

    • Flexibility in device connectivity.

1.3 Applications of Computer Network

  • Comprising of interconnected computing devices, networks enable file transfer and quick communication.

  • Applications:

    • Pure network applications (e.g., Email programs, FTP, TELNET).

    • Standalone applications adapted for networks.

1.4 Components of Computer Network

  • Essential components:

    • Network Interface Card (NIC)

    • Hubs and Switches

    • Modem and Routers

  • Functionality of specified hardware is pivotal in networking.

1.5 Network Benefits

1.5.1 Sharing Information

  • Enables file sharing, information sharing, and resource sharing.

1.5.2 Centralized Management

  • Allows efficient management through centralized applications.

1.6 Network Classifications

1.6.1 Types of Networks:

  • Personal Area Network (PAN)

  • Local Area Network (LAN)

  • Campus Area Network (CAN)

  • Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

  • Wide Area Network (WAN)

1.7 Summary of Unit 1

  • The evolution from standalone systems to interconnected networks is vital for today’s organizational needs, enabling various applications and reinforcing the necessity of network benefits.