Phylum Pterophyta "Ferns"

• Sporophytes have true leaves (megaphyll), roots, and stems

• 97% of species belong in the clade “Leptosporangiate” ferns

Eusporangium Development - (multi-celled) More spores and Larger than Lepto-

Leptosporangium Development - (Unicelluar)

Coiled Fiddleheads - Order Filicales

• Homosporous and Leptosporangiate

• Curled tip protection in early development

Psilotum “whisk ferns”