Untitled Flashcards Set

Flashcard 1
Q: What were the economic goals of US foreign policymakers in the 1920s?
A: Promote international stability, foster economic growth, and ensure access to foreign markets. Policies like the Dawes Plan helped stabilize Germany's economy and facilitate debt repayment from Europe.

Flashcard 2
Q: What was the Republican vision of “normalcy,” and how did the Harding and Coolidge administrations seek to realize it?
A: "Normalcy" meant returning to pre-WWI conditions, focusing on limited government, business growth, and domestic prosperity. Harding cut taxes and reduced regulations, while Coolidge continued these policies, emphasizing fiscal conservatism.

Flashcard 3
Q: How did the rise of the KKK in the 1920s reflect the larger patterns in American society and politics?
A: The KKK targeted African Americans, immigrants, Catholics, and Jews, reflecting racial, ethnic, and religious tensions as American society became more diverse in the post-WWI period.

Flashcard 4
Q: Along what lines did Americans find themselves divided in the 1920s?
A: Divisions were based on urban vs. rural, modern vs. traditional, and secular vs. religious issues, with debates over Prohibition, race, and immigration intensifying these divides.

Flashcard 5
Q: How did the Great Migration lead to the Harlem Renaissance?
A: The Great Migration brought African Americans to northern cities, particularly New York’s Harlem, where they created a cultural hub that fostered the Harlem Renaissance, a flourishing of African American arts, literature, and music.

Flashcard 6
Q: How did the radio, automobile, and Hollywood movies exemplify the opportunities of 1920s consumer culture?
A: These innovations provided mass entertainment and mobility, driving consumer demand. The radio spread popular culture, automobiles gave individuals freedom, and Hollywood films reflected the glamour and escapism of modern life.

Flashcard 7
Q: What factors contributed to the economic boom of the 1920s?
A: Mass production, technological innovations (like the automobile and assembly line), consumer credit expansion, a booming stock market, and pro-business Republican policies fueled the economic boom.

Flashcard 8
Q: What economic factors contributed to the Great Depression?
A: Over-speculation in the stock market, excessive consumer debt, agricultural overproduction, and international trade declines (due to tariffs) led to the Great Depression, exacerbated by poor banking practices.

Flashcard 9
Q: How did the Hoover administration respond to the Depression?
A: Hoover initially promoted voluntary cooperation and limited government intervention, creating public works programs like the Hoover Dam. However, his efforts were seen as insufficient as the crisis deepened.

Flashcard 10
Q: How did the Depression shape migration and immigration?
A: The Depression prompted internal migration within the U.S., particularly from the rural South to cities and the West. Immigration slowed due to limited job opportunities, and the government imposed stricter immigration laws.

Flashcard 11
Q: What was significant about FDR’s first Hundred Days in office?
A: FDR passed major New Deal programs aimed at relief, recovery, and reform, such as the CCC, PWA, AAA, and NIRA, marking a shift to active government intervention in the economy.

Flashcard 12
Q: Who were the liberal critics of the New Deal? What were their complaints?
A: Critics like Huey Long and Dr. Francis Townsend felt the New Deal didn’t go far enough in wealth redistribution. Long advocated for wealth-sharing, while Townsend promoted pensions for the elderly.

Flashcard 13
Q: Who were the conservative critics of the New Deal? What were their complaints?
A: Conservatives, including business leaders and some lawmakers, argued that the New Deal expanded government control too much, threatened capitalism, and created excessive government spending.

Flashcard 14
Q: How did the Second New Deal differ from the first?
A: The Second New Deal focused more on social reform, such as Social Security, the National Labor Relations Act, and the WPA, and aimed at long-term structural changes, unlike the more immediate recovery-focused First New Deal.

Flashcard 15
Q: To what extent did women benefit from the New Deal? African Americans? Native Americans?
A: Women gained more government job opportunities and the Women's Bureau, but faced gender-based pay disparities. African Americans faced discrimination, but benefited from programs like the WPA. Native Americans benefited from the Indian Reorganization Act, promoting self-governance.

Flashcard 16
Q: How did the New Deal impact Americans’ relationship to government?
A: The New Deal expanded the federal government’s role in the economy and social welfare, changing Americans' expectations by establishing the government as a key provider of economic security and public services.