Animal diversity and development

Animal Diversity

• How do the nutritional modes of plants and animals differ?

animals are heterotrophic, animals are autotrophs.

• How do larvae and juveniles differ?

larvae look completely different than the adults of the species. Juveniles look similar, but smaller than the adults.

• Be able to describe the major events of the Neoproterozoic Era.

1 BYA. Rise of multicellularity. Atmospheric O2. 

• What is meant by Ediacaran biota?

Doushantuo formation- animal embryo. 500 MYA.

• Be able to describe the major events of the Paleozoic Era.

cambrian explosion (predator-prey, warm temps, O2).  

• What is the Cambrian explosion?

perdator- prey relations spike, rapid formation of different species of animals- ocean centric/shelled. 

• Be able to describe the major events of Mesozoic Era.

coral reefs become important

dinosaurs are dominant terrestrial vertibrates

first mammals emerge

flowering plants and pollinator insects develop

• Be able to describe the major events of the Cenozoic Era.

K-T extinction 75% of all plants and animals die

global cooling

AKA age of mammals- 1st mammals emerge, mammals increase in size and fill in vacant biological niches 

Animal Development

• The presence of what two tissues are a unique defining characteristic of animals?

nervous and muscle 

• What are tissues?

collections of similar cells that function as a unit.

• Be able to describe the following terms associated with development in animals:

o Cleavage – when the embryonic cell divides (w/ minimal growth)

o Blastula –  multicellular, hollow sphere of cells with inner cell mass

o Gastrulation – blastula pinches inwards and forms the gastrula 

o Gastrula – hollow, cup-shaped structure with three layers of cells

o Archenteron – digestive tube

o Protostome – forms mouth-first

o Deuterostome – forms anus-first

• What is incomplete metamorphosis?  

3 life stages- egg, nymph, adult

Complete metamorphosis?

4 life stages- egg, larva, pupa, adult

• What is a body plan?

set of morphological and developmental traits

• What is radial symmetry?

no clear front, divided evenly on any longitudinal axis

• What is bilateral symmetry?

Divided by singular plane into two even halves 

• What do bilaterally symmetrical animals have?

cephalization- development of a head

• How does this type of movement compare between radial and bilaterally symmetrical animals?

radial- sessile or planktonic

bilateral- moving

• What is the ectoderm?  Endoderm?  Mesoderm?

ectoderm- outer surface/layer, has neutralization 

endoderm- innermost germ layer, lines digestive tube (archenteron)

mesoderm- intermediate tissue layer (optional)

• What is the difference between coelomates (including enterocoelomates and schizocoelomates), pseudocoelomates, and acoelomates?

  Coelom- true body cavity

Enterocoelomates- body cavity arises from mesoderm mass that originate next to the digestive tube (archenteron) (protestome)

Schizocoelomates- body cavity arises from splits in the mesodermal masses (deuterostome)

 Pseudocoelomates- body cavity arises from mesoderm and endoderm (entirely surrounds the archenteron)

acoelomates- lack body cavity