AP US Test 1 review

Native Americans Before Columbus

  • Had their cultures and civilizations

    • Many different groups each with their own culture and traditions

      • ex: language and religion

      • Bison Hunting in Great Plains

    • Iroquois Confederacy ~1500 loose union so the tribes in the NY/Great Lakes region wouldn’t fight each other

Post Columbian Contact

  • Columbian Exchange

    • Exchange of goods, materials, ideas, and diseases between old world and new world

      • ex: tobacco and tomatoes go to Old World—> olives and sugar go to old world

    • Europeans bring over disease such as malaria and smallpox which wipes out much of the Native American population

    • More food in Europe=population growth

  • Native Americans after contact

    • many Native Americans are forced into slavery through the Spanish Encomienda System

      • Encomienda System-idea from the Spanish that if you force the Native Americans into slavery and labor than they will be converted and their should will be saved

        • Bartolome de Las Casas- former conquistador who hated the Encomienda system

      • Very resistant to converting because they had their own religion and way of life already

    • many die because of disease brought over by Europeans

    • Revolt against Europeans (Spanish specifically)

      • Pueblo Revolts

Reasons for Immigrating

  • Dutch-money

  • French-fur trade

  • English-money, religious freedom, and imperialism

  • Spanish-spreading Catholicism, serving the glory of Spain

Jamestown-start of the English colonies in America, 1619

  • Mostly settled my men looking to make money in gold after they heard abt gold in Hispania

  • John Rolfe-discovers that tobacco grows well so it becomes the main source of income in Jamestown

  • John Smith- “work or starve”

  • Had African slaves to work on the plantations

Southern Colonies-Virginia, the Carolinas, Georgia, Maryland

  • all very similar to Jamestown (Virgina)

  • Cash crop industry

  • Slavery

  • House of Burgesses-legislative body of Virginia

Middle Colonies- Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey and New York

  • PA, DE, and NJ- founded by William Penn, proprietary colonies

    • proprietary colony-colony with charter given to a singular person or family; in the case of the middle colonies the charter was given to William Penn’s father and then he settled

    • Quakers

      • very religiously tolerant and against slavery

    • 1702-Delaware separates from PA

    • 1703-NJ separates from PA

    • Bread basket of British Empire

  • New York

    • Patroonship

New England-Massachusetts (Maine), Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire

  • Massachusetts

    • Massachusetts Bay Colony-settled by Puritans

      • led by John Winthrop

    • Plymouth-settled by Separatists aka Pligrims

      • led by William Bradford

      • settled in 1620

      • Mayflower Compact- document giving overview on how the colony was going to be governed, signed by men on the Mayflower

    • Religion is very important

      • not following puritan beliefs— get kicked out

        • Rodger Williams

    • basically a theocracy (no separation of Church and state)

    • By the 1660s Puritanism starts to decline

      • Half Way Covenant-allowed for people to join the church through Baptism only

  • Rhode Island

    • founded by Roger Williams after he was kicked out of Massachusetts

    • more diverse and individualistic than the other New England Colonies

      • Religious freedom, separation of Church and state

  • Connecticut

    • founded by Thomas Hooke

    • Fundamental orders, 1639-constitution of Connecticut

  • Society in General

    • trades were the base of industry

      • big maritime industry

      • less farming

    • Education was important

      • many colleges like Harvard were founded

    • Focus on family life with a tight knit society

    • Blue laws: nothing happens on sundays

Women

  • had a better life/sightly more freedoms in the colonies

Slavery

  • In every colony, but used the most in the south

    • deeper south=slavery

  • after Bacon’s rebellion they started to use more slavery instead of indentured servitude

    • Bacon was an indentured servant but he payed off his indenture and was mad abt how indentured servants and native Americans were treated

  • Slaves accepted Christianity but had started to make it their own

    • syncretism-blending of American and African cultures

    • used their religion and culture as a way to cope

  • Triangular Trade-trade of goods, materials, and slaves between America, Africa, and Europe

    • raw goods—>Europe

    • manufactured products—>Africa

    • slaves—>America

The First Great Awakening-religious revival in the 1730s

  • limited Church membership

  • dissenters such as Anne Hutchinson had formed churches

  • 1st mass social moment in America

    • helps to create a national identity and starts the revolutionary ideas

  • Jonathan Edwards-credited with starting the Great Awakening

  • George Whitfield- itinerant preacher from Ireland who gave emotional sermons in fields outside

  • Significant

    • founding of many colleges

    • new Christian sects

    • more missionaries