philosophy

Metaphysics

the branch of philosophy that studies the nature of reality

epistemology

the nature and scope of knowledge

value theory

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ethics aesthetics

studies and evaluates human conduct the nature of beauty

fallacy → a failure in reasoning or flawed reasoning that leds to an invalich or unsound argument

principle of charity → always try to understand the strongest, most persuasive version of an argument

irrational → driven by emotion, fear or impulse, not careful reasoning

rationality $\rightarrow$ thinking and making decistons using logic, reason and evidence instead of emotions or impulses

rationality is our distinguishing characteristic - it's what sets us apart from the beasts

learning abt arguments and strong reasoning will not only make you a better philosopler, itll also set you up to be a more persuasive person

able to convince someone to believe something or to do something

plato was laying out how reason can, and should, function in the human mind

tripartite soul

rational | logical

seeks truth and is swayed by facts and arguments

spirited / emotional

how feelings fuel your actions

appetitive / physical

desires drives you to eat, have sex and protect yourself

plato believed that some people were better than others

the best human beings are always ruled by the rational part of their soul because it works to keep the spirited and the appetitive parts in check

ppl who allow temselves to be ruled by their spirited or appetitive selves are base $\rightarrow$ low

premise → a proposition used to Justify a conclusion

your beliefs should always be backed up by reasons which we call premises they form the structure of your argument and offer evidence for your belief

you can have as many premises as you like, as long as they support your conclusion which is the thing that you actually believe