ch 10

Chapter 10 Intelligence Review

  • Intelligence = mental capacity to learn from experiences, adapt to situations, handle abstract concepts

  • Factor Analysis = family of statistical methods that represent relationships among an observed set of variables in terms of a hypothesized number of latent constructs or common factors

  • Spearman (g's) general intelligence = humans have one general intelligence/mental abilities are like physical abilities

  • Savant syndrome = a rare condition in which a person with various developmental disorders have an amazing ability or talent

  • L.L. Thurstone = Our intelligence is broken down into seven factors including word fluency, verbal comprehension, spatial ability, perceptual speed, numerical ability, inductive reasoning, memory

  • Gardner and 9 multiple intelligences = range of skills beyond traditional school smarts, evidence of multiple intelligence found in people with savant syndrome/logical, verbal, spatial, music, kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalist, existential

  • Sternberg = theory of three intelligences

  • Analytical intelligence = school smarts and traditional academic problem-solving

  • Creative Intelligence = ability to generate novel ideas

  • Practical Intelligence = skills at handling everyday tasks

  • Emotional intelligence = perceiving, understanding, managing, using emotions

  • Brain size correlation = +0.40 correlation between brain size and intelligence, it decreases with age, scores on verbal tests decrease

  • Perceptual speed = the speed at which you understand and react to the information you have received through the senses

TESTING

  • Intelligence test = method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others using numerical scores

  • Mental age = the age level of an individual's cognitive ability (100 means on par with their age group)

  • Stanford-Binet = cognitive ability and intelligence test that measures fluid, quantitative, working, and visual reasoning

  • IQ = number used to express the relative intelligence of a person (mental age/physical age X
    100)

  • Lewis Terman = revised Binet's test for the U.S./theory that intelligence tests reveal the intelligence with which the person is born

  • Aptitude tests = tests designed to predict a person's future performance

  • Achievement tests = tests designed to assess what a person has learned

  • WAIS and WISC = Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale, Weschler's Intelligence Scale for Children/overall scores, and separate scores for verbal, perceptual, working memory, processing speed

  • Standardization = uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group

  • Normal curve = bell-shaped curve around an average score

  • Flynn effect = observed phenomenon where average intelligence scores on IQ tests have been steadily increasing over time

  • Reliability = extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by consistency of scores on two halves of the test, retests, alternate forms

  • Test -retest = administering the same test twice over some time

  • Split half = 1st and 2nd set of questions

  • Different test = different test

  • Validity = extent to which a test measures or predicts what it's supposed to

  • Construct validity = extent to which a test samples behavior that is of interest

  • Predictive validity = success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; computing the validity

  • Down syndrome = condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21

  • Creativity = good at forming novel ideas

  • Genetic influences in intelligence = heritability of intelligence increase through to adulthood

  • Environmental influences in intelligence = parenting, education, nutrition

  • Stereotype threat = A negative stereotype about a certain group of people harms that group's performance on certain tasks (ex. "girls are bad at math" makes girls do worse in a math test)

  • Stereotype lift = A positive stereotype about a certain group of people enhances that group's performance on certain tasks (ex. "boys are good at math" makes boys do better on a math test)

  • Fixed mindset = belief that abilities are unchangeable

  • Growth mindset = belief that a person's intelligence and abilities can improve