Constitution

Federalist 1

  1. What was the purpose of the Federalist Papers?

C. To inform the masses for the constitution

  1. Who were the authors of the Federalist Papers?

Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay

  1. What states were they from?

Hamilton: New York

Madison: Virginia

Jay: New York

  • This is important because later on they clash on a Bill of Rights. Madison was for a Bill of Rights and Madison was not.

  1. Why are the Federalist Papers important?

  • The Federalist Papers are important because it encourages the people to deliberate and it is believed to help develop a long standing government.

  • It is a structure for Political Writing.

  • Gives reasoning for government.

  1. The (blank) has been ineffective

B. Articles of Confederation

  • Failed because the States had too much power. Central Government was weak.

  1. Who is the primary audience for this Federalist Paper?

D. People of New York

  1. Typically, government has been formed by (blank) and (blank)

D. Accident, Force

  1. What does that mean?

  1. The new government can be made through (blank)

A. Choice

  1. This sets American to be the (blank) for democracy

D. Model

  1. Hamilton is (blank) the proposed Constitution

B. For

  • Federalist = Yes Large Government

  • Anti-Federalist= No Large Government

Second Treatise

  1. Who wrote the Second Treatise?

A. John Locke

  1. What theory do Constitutions come from?

D. Social Contract Theory

  • How do we want to treat fellow man? What should a society/government look like?

  1. Second Treatise tries to build a political system that is not dependent on?

C. God

  1. Second Treatise focuses of the State of (blank) and (blank)

Answer: Nature and War

  1. What two things make up the State of Nature?

A. Equality

B. Freedom

  1. Explain what freedom means in State of Nature

Answer: we all have freedom to do what we want and the freedom to respond how we please

  1. Explain what Equality means in the State of Nature?

Answer: where no one has more natural authority than anyone else, everyone is both equally subjected to the Law of Nature

  1. What is the Law of Nature?

C. Reason

  1. What are the two Laws of Nature?

A. Reason

B. ?

  1. What does Locke define as Property

a. Labor + Something of his own (a physical object)= Property

  1. What is the State of War?

Answer: The state of war is a state of enmity and destruction.

  • SEDATED SETTLE DESIGN.

  • I should have a right to destroy that which threatens me with destruction.

  • Have no other rule, but that of force and violence.

  1. How does one get out of the State of Nature or War?

B. Creating a Big Body Politic

  1. To live in a politic man must give up ALL their freedom?

B. False

  1. Constitutions are (blank) for government

A. Plans

  1. What should people do if the government is no longer protecting their rights?

Answer: Abolish the Government

  1. Man goes back to the state of nature when government is overthrown?

B. False

Mayflower Compact

  1. This was the first document creating … for the … colony Answer: Framework of Government, Plymouth

  1. Who signed this agreement? Answer: B. (All the Men on the Mayflower)

  1. Who was this agreement between? Answer: The Pilgrims and King James

  1. This document was pledging freedom from King James. Answer: False

  1. Were the Pilgrims sovereign from King James? Answer: No

  1. The Plymouth Colony was a self-governing colony. Answer: False

Christian Charity

  1. Who’s the author of this speech?

  • John Winthrop

  1. Why has God made rich and poor people?

  • So that each and every person needs everyone else

  • Hold conformity with the rest of nature

  • Rich won’t abuse poor and poor won’t kill rich

  1. What two rules should men observe?

  • Pursue Justice

  • Forgiving in a Christly Way

  1. People should donate money/time to their community…

  • True

  1. What is the limit for men to donate to their community…

  • Without Strenuating Yourself

  1. If the Colonies were sanctioned by God then they would be a…

  • City Upon a Hill (IMPORTANT)

  1. If the Colonies were not sanctioned by God then they would be a…

  • Shame and Reproach

  1. Christians should … each other

  • Love

  1. What are the four major themes of this text

  • Unity

  • Charity

  • Christian Love

  • Modeling

  1. This speech is often referenced as the “…” Speech?

  • City Upon A Hill Speech

Declaration of Independence

  1. What is the Declaration of Independence? A letter to King James declaring independence for the 13 colonies.

  2. Does the Declaration of Independence free the colonies from King James? Yes

  3. What is the Lee Resolution? A draft for the Constitution.

  4. When was the Lee Resolution signed? July 2, 1776

  5. What did the Lee Resolution do for the colonies? A. Free Them

  6. The Lee Resolution was the draft for the Declaration of Independence… False

  7. What were the Powers of the Earth at this time?

A. Great Britain

B. France

C. Spain

D. Dutch

E. Portugal

  1. What did these Powers all have in common? They all have colonies and have strong trading networks.

  2. Independence is based on … principles- Self-Evident

  3. What are the Self-Evident Truths of the Declaration of Independence?

A. All men are created equal

B. Life, Liberty, Pursuit of Happiness

C. Right to abolish the government

D. Government exists to protect those rights

  1. The founders were trying to create a… (Greek Word) eudamonia

  2. The Pursuit of Happiness is solely individual… False

  3. How many complaints are in the Declaration of Independence? 27

  4. What are the 5 Types of Complaints?

a. Taxes

b. Legislative Problems

c. Executive Problems

d. Judicial Problems

e. Warmaking

  1. Who is the father of the Declaration of Independence? Thomas Jefferson

  2. How is the Declaration of Independence different from the Constitution? DOI establishes reasons to be upsets and the Constitution is the recipe for government

Articles of Confederation

  1. What was the first constitution of the United States? A. (Articles of Confederation)

  2. How often would states meet for Congress? Once a Year

  3. When were the Articles of Confederation drafted? November 15, 1777

  4. How long were the Articles of Confederation used? D. (8 years)

  5. The states were allowed to have foreign relations. B. (False)

  6. How many states needed to agree for a law to be passed? 9/13

  7. 5 Big Problems with the Articles of Confederation

  • Provided for a Weak Central Government

  • Could Not Enforce Taxes

  • Could Not Enforce Laws

  • No Credit w/ other Nations

  • Had No Drafted Army

  1. The Articles of Confederation made central government strong? B. (False)

  2. The Articles of Confederation had a Bill of Rights? B. (False)

  3. What replaced the Articles of Confederation? Constitution

Timeline

  1. Declaration of Independence + Lee Resolution

  2. Articles of Confederation

  3. Constitution

Fed 15

  1. Who is Publius?

A. Alexander Hamilton

B. John Jay

C. James Madison

  1. What are some of the major problems with the Articles of Confederation?

a. No Central Government

b. Could Not Enforce Taxes

c. No Army

  1. What does Publius argue that the Articles of Confederation will bring?

Answer: NATIONAL HUMILIATION

turmoil and disagreement between the states

  1. Does the Articles of Confederation have a strong or weak central government?

Answer: The Articles of Confederation provides for a weak central government.

  1. Why?

Answer: States had too much power and no real exec.

They don’t want to give too much power to the central government and create a monarchy.

  1. Which has more power in the Articles of Confederation?

Answer: A (The State)

Gerry Committee Report

  1. How were debates going at the Constitutional Convention? C. (Stalled Out)

  2. What was the debate about? (Representation), Finding a compromise on state representation in Congress.

  3. What decision did the committee come to? (Census, Bicameral, Proportional + Equal) , The decision was the each state would have one representative for every 40,000 inhabitants. Representation by population.

  4. Where would bills relating to revenue start in? A. (The House)

  5. Why? The House is closest to the people. (house members get re-elected every 2 years, anybody can run for House, small districts = relationship with representative)

  6. What would have happened if they could not compromise? B. (There would be no Constitution)

Three-Fifths Compromise

  1. What was the problem that needed to be resolved? (how slaves counted with representation and taxation) enslaved people would be counted for purposes of representation and taxation

  2. Why did the South want Black people to be counted as full people for representation? It would allow them more seats in Congress. (Higher # of House Reps.)

  3. Did this mean that slavery was no longer going to be practiced in the South? A. (NO)

  4. The South would start treating Black people like regular citizens? B. (FALSE)

  5. The South wanted Black people to be considered full people for taxation purposes? B. (FALSE)

  6. Why? They would pay more in taxes.

  7. Why did the North want Black people to not be counted as full people? It would skew political power for the Southern States. (South could not reap the benefits)

  8. Did the North practice slavery? A. (YES)

  9. Why was the North upset with the actions of the South? They were trying to reap the benefits.

  10. If this compromise did not work out would there still be a Constitution? B. (NO)

  11. Was wealth considered for calculating taxes? B. (NO)

  12. Why? It’s just too hard to calculate. Hard to pinpoint who had more wealth.

Madison-Sherman Exchange

  1. What was the main subject of this debate? (Proportional or Equal) The issue of representation in the legislative branch.

  2. What was the following question? Who chooses what? Who picks?

Madison Argument

  1. What did Madison want for legislation?

a. Large Groups/Districts Representation

b. Popular Election

  1. Why? From Virginia (large state), felt that the more people in a state the more representation they should be provided

  2. What was Madison’s big fear about small groups? B. (they could form factions easily)

Sherman Argument

  1. What did Sherman want for legislation?

a. State Legislature Vote

b. Small Groups/Districts

  1. Why? From New Jersey (small state)

  2. Similar Bodies of Legislature

a. House of Representatives (Madison)

b. Senate (Sherman)

Agrippa #1

  1. What was the main complaint of Agrippa? (The federal government is too powerful) Claiming that ratification would lead to the abuse of federal power.

  2. Does Agrippa feel that these states are too small for representation to matter? A. (YES)

  3. Is Agrippa antifederalist or federalist? Anti-Federalist

  4. Why are representatives not helpful?

a. Disconnected from the People

b. They Have an Army

  1. This government is an absolute government. A. (TRUE)

  2. What does absolute government mean? (Tyranny) A political system where a single ruler, usually a monarch or a dictator, has complete and unrestricted power.

  3. What are the attributes of the citizens now?

a. Wealthy

b. Courageous

c. Industrious

  1. What will their attributes be under the Constitution?

a. Lazy

b. Turbulent

c. Vicious

  1. Does Agrippa feel that republics are always a bad idea? YES

  2. Does Agrippa feel that republics are always a bad idea? A. (Trade)

Federalist #10

  1. A faction is? B. (People with shared interests and similar ideals)

  2. Factions are ALWAYS and ONLY the majority group? B. (FALSE)

  3. How to control a faction…

a. Remove the Cause of Faction

b. Control the Effects of Faction

  1. How to eliminate the causes of faction…

a. Destroy Liberty

b. Giving Every Citizen The Same Opinions, Passions, Interests

  1. The cause of a faction can be eliminated. B. (FALSE)

  2. To control the effects of factions in the minority the government must… Vote Them Out

  3. To control the effects of factions in the majority the government must… Try Again

  4. What happens if a faction gets into the majority? Government has Failed

  5. What’s the best way to mitigate the effects of factions?

a. Spread Them Out

b. Water it Down (Divide)

  1. What document helps protect the U.S. from factions? D. (Constitution)

Brutus I

  1. A free republic can exist in the U.S.

  • B. (FALSE)

  1. A true republic comes from the … not the …

  • C. (People, Government)

  1. What kind of government did Brutus disagree with?

  • A. (Large Government)

  1. Brutus believes what three items make the Federal Government too powerful

  • Taxes

  • Necessary/Proper Clause

  • Supremacy Clause

  1. Which type of government is more likely to protect the liberties of the people?

  • B. (A Confederal Government)

  1. What is the Necessary and Proper Clause?

  • Blurred lines of the enumerated powers.

  • congressional power encompasses all implied and incidental powers that are conducive to the beneficial exercise of an enumerated power.

  1. Why does it worry Brutus?

  • Worried that the Federal Government will overstep its power.

  1. What is the Supremacy Clause?

  • Federal Law > State Law

  • the foundational principle that, in general, federal law takes precedence over any conflicting state law

  1. Why does it worry Brutus?

  • Federal Government legislation over the States

  1. Complete the Diagram for a Confederate Republic

  • Blue: States

  • Green: Federal Government (Weak)

  1. Complete the Diagram of the “constitutional government” in the eyes of Brutus

  1. Complete the Diagram of a Compound Republic

  1. The federal government should be able to repeal state laws if they collide?

  • B. (FALSE)

  1. Brutus is worried that the government will do what when the people give it power?

  • D. (ALL OF THE ABOVE)

  1. What is one of the most important powers the government has

  • TAXATION

  1. Republic

  2. B. (Power, Size)

  3. A. (State)

  4. D. (Tyranny)

  5. C. (Both)

Federal Farmer #7

  1. What two things do most governments draw their power from?

a. Force

b. Persuasion

  1. What does good government use?

a. Persuasion

  1. What does bad government use?

b. Force

  1. The proposed Constitution uses which method?

  • ?

  1. Despotic government has …/… of the people armed to enforce law?

  • 1/4

  1. How does a despotic government enforce the law?

a. (Force + Punishment) through the force of the law and power

  1. How does persuasive government enforce the law?

  • Virtue of Man

  1. What is the true object of Federal Farmer #7?

  • Making persuasion stronger than punishment

  1. Cannot Hurt You

  2. People are Fearful of Government, Defeats Purpose of Government

  3. Representatives are Disconnected, The Size of Districts Makes Representatives Bad

  4. B. (Proving they can make good decisions for the people)

  5. Building Trust

a. Paying off Debt

b. Making Good Laws for the People

c. Being Involved in the Community

d. Communication w/government as People

e. Charismatic w/district

f. Protecting against Corruption

  1. More Electors + Better Elections

  2. Factions

  3. B. (NO)

  4. 3 Types of Aristocrats

  • Constitutional

  • Factional

  • Nationals

Federalist 51

  1. The U.S. Government exists with checks and balances between government powers

a. True

  1. Name the 3 Systems of Government

a. Legislative

b. Executive

c. Judicial

  1. Separation of Powers is necessary for government to work…

  • A. (TRUE)

  1. Why is Federalist 51 one of the most important Federalist Papers?

  • Blue Print for Government

  • addresses means by which appropriate checks and balances can be created in government and also advocates a separation of powers within the national government

  1. What motivates each branch of government to apply checks and balances to each other?

  • A>

  • To prevent any single branch from becoming too powerful

10. In his Address to the Young Men’s Lyceum, Lincoln warns that the greatest danger to the U.S. comes from:

  • The answer is b. Internal decay and lawlessness.

  • Lincoln emphasizes that the threat to the U.S. comes not from foreign enemies, but from internal lawlessness and a disregard for legal institutions, which could destroy the country from within.

11. Lincoln suggests that after the founding era, Americans must attach themselves to what?

  • The answer is c. The strong bulwark of law.

  • Lincoln argues that after the revolutionary spirit of the founding generation, Americans should be committed to the rule of law as the central guide for their national identity and future stability.

12. Why does Lincoln describe mobs as problematic, even when they “get it right”?

  • The answer is b. They undermine lawful authority.

  • Lincoln warns that even when mobs target guilty individuals, they erode respect for the law, which weakens the entire legal system and could lead to widespread anarchy.

13. What is the “mobocratic spirit”?

  • The answer is d. The spirit of the mob that convinces more people to join the mobs.

  • Lincoln refers to the “mobocratic spirit” as the lawlessness and mob mentality that spreads when people abandon the legal system in favor of taking justice into their own hands, encouraging others to do the same.

Magna Carta

14. What happened to the Church of England after the Magna Carta?

  • The answer is c. The barons demanded that it be free.

  • One of the clauses of the Magna Carta asserted the independence of the Church of England from royal interference.

15. In order to raise taxes on the barons, the King would need what?

  • The answer is a. General Consent of the Realm.

  • The Magna Carta established that the King could not levy taxes without the consent of his council, which was an early form of requiring parliamentary approval.

16. The Magna Carta instituted which of these into English law? (Select all that apply):

  • The correct answers are a. Law of the land, d. Written inheritance laws + protection for widows, e. Free movement laws.

  • The Magna Carta introduced the principle that the law is supreme ("law of the land"), codified inheritance rights, and included protections for widows and free movement.

17. The Magna Carta removes the King from power?

  • The answer is b. False.

  • The Magna Carta did not remove the King from power but limited his authority and subjected him to the rule of law.

Petition of Right

18. In the Petition of Right, one of the key complaints against the king was:

  • The correct answer is a. Forced loans without Parliament’s consent.

  • The Petition of Right objected to the King's practice of raising money without Parliament's approval, such as through forced loans.

19. What changed with the court system with the Petition of Right?

  • The answer is c. It allows for people to not be tried under military law + court.

  • The Petition of Right asserted that citizens could not be subjected to martial law in peacetime or imprisoned without due process.

20. The King has overstepped his bounds?

  • The answer is a. True.

  • The Petition of Right was a response to King Charles I overstepping his authority by violating laws and parliamentary rights.

21. Why was the Petition of Right created?

  • The answer is d. To strengthen the Magna Carta.

  • The Petition of Right sought to reinforce the rights guaranteed in the Magna Carta and limit the power of the monarchy.

English Bill of Rights

22. The English Bill of Rights primarily sought to:

  • The answer is d. Ensure Parliament's role.

  • The English Bill of Rights limited the powers of the monarchy and ensured the supremacy of Parliament.

23. What was the point of the English Bill of Rights?

  • The answer is a. To lay out the conditions for the new Monarchs.

  • The English Bill of Rights set out the conditions under which William and Mary could assume the throne, restricting royal authority.

24. How does the English Bill of Rights help create the U.S. Bill of Rights?

  • The answer is j. The English Bill of Rights acts as bones for the U.S. Bill of Rights.

  • The U.S. Bill of Rights was influenced by principles established in the English Bill of Rights, such as individual liberties and limits on government power.

Mayflower Compact

25. The Mayflower Compact is often considered the first constitution in the New World because it:

  • The answer is c. Formed a social contract to govern by majority rule.

  • The Mayflower Compact established a government based on majority rule and collective agreement among the settlers.

26. What was the stated purpose of the colony?

  • The answer is b. To glorify God.

  • The Pilgrims stated that the purpose of their colony was to glorify God and advance the Christian faith.

27. This document separated the Pilgrims from English rule:

  • The answer is b. False.

  • The Mayflower Compact did not declare independence from England but established self-governance while still recognizing loyalty to the English crown.

35. The Lee Resolution was significant because it:

  • The answer is a. Declared the colonies independent from Britain.

  • The Lee Resolution, introduced by Richard Henry Lee on June 7, 1776, declared the American colonies' independence from Britain. It was passed by the Continental Congress on July 2, 1776.

36. What is the difference between the Lee Resolution and the Declaration of Independence?

  • The correct answer is c. The Lee Resolution was the rough draft of the Declaration of Independence.

  • The Lee Resolution formally declared independence, while the Declaration of Independence, adopted on July 4, 1776, expanded upon the resolution with a detailed explanation of the colonies' reasons for seeking independence.

37. What day was the Lee Resolution signed?

  • The answer is b. July 2nd.

  • The Continental Congress voted in favor of the Lee Resolution on July 2, 1776, making it the official declaration of independence, though the Declaration of Independence was signed and adopted on July 4.

Correspondence of Adams and Warren

46. In the correspondence between Adams and Warren, what was Warren concerned about in a republic?

  • The answer is b. Lack of talent and virtue in leadership.

  • Warren expressed concerns that without virtue and talent in leadership, a republic could fall into decay.

47. How does Adams describe the role of fear versus virtue in a government?

  • The answer is a. Fear is the foundation of monarchy, while virtue is the foundation of republics.

  • Adams argues that monarchies are sustained by fear, while republics must be built on the virtue of their citizens and leaders.

Notes on the State of Virginia

48. Jefferson argues in his Notes on the State of Virginia that the institution of slavery:

  • This question seems incomplete, but Jefferson famously criticized slavery in his Notes on the State of Virginia, arguing it was morally wrong and harmful to both slaves and slaveholders, yet he also expressed racist views and did not advocate immediate abolition.

Virginia Plan

50. The Virginia Plan was favored by larger states because it proposed:

  • The answer is b. Representation based on population.

  • Larger states supported the Virginia Plan because it would give them more representation in Congress due to their larger populations.

51. What type of executive is in the Virginia Plan?

  • The answer is a. Unitary.

  • The Virginia Plan called for a single executive, unlike the multiple executives proposed in other plans.

52. The Virginia Plan has a unicameral legislature?

  • The answer is b. False.

  • The Virginia Plan proposed a bicameral legislature, with both houses having representation based on population.

53. The Virginia Plan is a completely different style of government from the Articles of Confederation:

  • The answer is a. True.

  • The Virginia Plan proposed a strong central government, unlike the weak system of the Articles of Confederation.

54. What states would prefer the Virginia Plan?

  • The answer is a. Large States.

  • Larger states preferred the Virginia Plan because they would have more influence in a system based on population.

Federalist #10

73. How did James Madison define a "faction" in Federalist #10?

  • The answer is c. A group of citizens united by a common interest adverse to the rights of others or the common good.

  • Madison defines factions as groups driven by interests that conflict with the rights of others or the community's overall welfare.

74. Why did Madison consider factions dangerous in a republic?

  • The answer is a. They lead to instability and violence by undermining the common good.

  • Factions create divisions and unrest, leading to instability in the government and the potential oppression of minority rights.

75. What are the two ways that factions can be controlled? (Select all that apply):

  • The correct answers are b. Control the Effects and c. Remove the Causes.

  • Madison explains that factions can be controlled either by eliminating their causes or mitigating their effects.

76. In Federalist #10, how does Madison propose to control the effects of factions?

  • The answer is b. By creating a large republic.

  • Madison argues that a large republic would dilute factional power by ensuring a diversity of interests and preventing any one faction from dominating.

77. According to Madison in Federalist #10, why is it impossible to remove the causes of factions?

  • The answer is a. Doing so would violate freedom of speech and liberty.

  • Madison believes that as long as people are free to express opinions and pursue their interests, factions will naturally form.

Federalist #45

78. What argument does Madison make in Federalist #45 regarding the role of state governments under the new Constitution?

  • The answer is a. They will remain important and retain significant powers.

  • Madison reassures that state governments will still hold substantial power, particularly in local matters, even under the stronger federal government.

Federalist #2

79. According to Federalist #2, what is one of the "good/easy" things about becoming a single union?

  • The answer is c. The states share common ancestry, language, and religion.

  • Publius (John Jay) points out the cultural similarities among the states as a reason why forming a union is easier and desirable.

80. In Federalist #2, why does Publius argue that the people should trust those who led them into war to lead them into peace?

  • The answer is a. Because they had already demonstrated wisdom in guiding the country through conflict.

  • Publius argues that those who showed leadership and wisdom during the Revolutionary War should be trusted to lead in times of peace.

Federalist #6

81. In Federalist #6, what does Publius argue is a common cause of hostility between neighboring states?

  • The answer is c. Competition for resources and territory.

  • Publius warns that competition over resources, land, and economic interests often leads to conflict between neighboring states.

82. Why does Publius claim that “close neighbors” who do not have a stable union are prone to conflict?

  • The answer is c. Geographic proximity increases the likelihood of disputes over trade, land, and other interests.

  • Without a stable union, neighboring states are more likely to come into conflict over their close interests, such as trade and borders.

Federalist #7

83. What circumstantial causes of hostility between states does Federalist #7 mention?

  • Federalist #7 discusses causes such as territorial disputes, commercial competition, and the repayment of public debt as reasons that states might go to war with each other.

Federalist #52

94. Who is allowed to vote for the House elections?

  • The answer is b. Those who were able to vote for their state elections.

  • Voting eligibility for the House of Representatives is tied to state voting laws.

95. According to Federalist #52, how long should the term for representatives in the House of Representatives be?

  • The answer is b. Two years.

  • This term length is meant to ensure that representatives remain accountable to their constituents.

Federalist #56

96. How long do representatives have to be citizens of the United States?

  • The answer is d. 7 years.

  • Representatives must have been citizens for at least seven years before taking office.

97. What problem does Federalist #56 identify with having a large representative body in the House of Representatives?

  • The answer is b. Representatives will not have enough knowledge of local concerns.

  • Madison expressed concern that a large body may lead to representatives being out of touch with local issues.

Federalist #62

98. How long does a Senator have to be a citizen for?

  • The answer is b. 9 years.

  • Senators must have been U.S. citizens for at least nine years.

99. Federalist #62 argues that the Senate was originally designed to be appointed by:

  • The answer is b. State legislatures.

  • This was intended to ensure state representation in the federal government.

Federalist #63

100. Why is it important for the Senate to be a "cool and deliberate" body?

  • The answer is a. To counteract the impulsiveness of the House of Representatives.

  • A more deliberative Senate would help temper hasty decisions made by the House.

Federalist #64

101. Why does Federalist #64 argue that the national character of a government is important?

  • The answer is b. It influences how other nations perceive and interact with the U.S.

  • A strong national character enhances the credibility and respect of the government on the international stage.

102. Why does Federalist #64 argue that the president should not make treaties alone?

  • The answer is d. The Senate provides a check to ensure treaties are in the national interest.

  • Involving the Senate in treaty-making helps prevent rash decisions by the president.

Federalist #68

103. According to Federalist #68, how does the Electoral College work in theory?

  • The answer is a. Electors vote based on the will of the people in their state.

  • The Electoral College is designed to reflect the popular vote in each state.

104. What is one of the most important aspects of the Electoral College?

  • The answer is a. That it is anonymous and does not meet in one place.

  • This anonymity helps prevent undue influence and maintains the integrity of the voting process.

Federalist #70

105. In Federalist #70, Publius argues that the presidency requires unity in the executive for what purpose?

  • The answer is c. To ensure energy and decisiveness in government actions.

  • A unified executive is seen as essential for effective governance.

Federalist #71

106. How long is the term of a presidential candidate?

  • The answer is a. 4 years.

  • This term length allows for a balance between stability and accountability.

107. This term length is to balance out the House and the Senate.

  • The answer is a. True.

  • The four-year term is designed to create a balance among the different branches of government.

Federalist #73

108. What is the qualified negative of the presidency?

  • The answer is b. Veto.

  • The veto power allows the president to reject legislation passed by Congress.

Federalist #78

109. What does Federalist #78 argue is the primary function of the judiciary?

  • The answer is b. To interpret the law and review its constitutionality.

  • The judiciary serves as a check on the legislative and executive branches.

110. According to Federalist #78, why is judicial tenure for life important?

  • The answer is a. It prevents the judiciary from being influenced by political pressures.

  • Life tenure allows judges to make decisions based on law rather than political considerations.

Federalist #85

111. What is the primary purpose of the amendment process in the U.S. Constitution?

  • The answer is b. To make changes to the Constitution when necessary.

  • The amendment process allows for adaptability and improvement of the Constitution over time.

112. Why did the framers suggest signing the Constitution even though it wasn’t considered perfect?

  • The answer is b. Because they believed perfection was impossible, and the document could be amended.

  • They recognized the need for a functional government and left room for future improvements.