Untitled Flashcards Set

Okay, here is a 75-question multiple-choice quiz based on the provided sources, with answers provided. This should allow you to easily create your own quizlet.

Quiz

  1. Prokaryotes do NOT have: a) Ribosomes b) A cell membrane c) A nucleus d) DNA

  2. Which of these is NOT a domain of prokaryotes? a) Bacteria b) Eukaryotes c) Archaea d) All of the above are domains of prokaryotes.

  3. Archaea are considered: a) Pathogenic b) Nonpathogenic c) Virulent d) All of the above

  4. What is the main function of bacterial flagella? a) Cell division b) Movement c) DNA exchange d) Nutrient storage

  5. A bacterium with a single flagellum is called: a) Amphitrichous b) Peritrichous c) Monotrichous d) Lophotrichous

  6. Bacteria with flagella at both ends are called: a) Monotrichous b) Peritrichous c) Amphitrichous d) Lophotrichous

  7. A bacterium with flagella all over the cell is called: a) Monotrichous b) Amphitrichous c) Peritrichous d) Lophotrichous

  8. When a bacterium moves toward a chemical attractant, this is called: a) Negative phototaxis b) Positive chemotaxis c) Negative chemotaxis d) Halotaxis

  9. When a bacterium moves away from a harmful substance, this is called: a) Positive phototaxis b) Positive chemotaxis c) Negative chemotaxis d) Halotaxis

  10. What is phototaxis? a) movement in response to chemicals b) movement in response to salt c) movement in response to light d) movement in response to nutrients

  11. What is halotaxis? a) movement in response to chemicals b) movement in response to salt c) movement in response to light d) movement in response to nutrients

  12. Which of these bacterial shapes does NOT typically have flagella? a) Bacilli b) Spirilla c) Cocci d) All of the above have flagella

  13. Spirochetes move by: a) Using regular flagella b) Twisting motion using periplasmic flagella c) Tumbling d) Gliding

  14. What are fimbriae used for? a) Movement b) DNA transfer c) Adhesion d) Nutrient storage

  15. What is the primary function of pili? a) adhesion b) conjugation c) movement d) protection

  16. What is conjugation? a) Cell division b) Transfer of genetic material c) Nutrient storage d) Waste removal

  17. What type of DNA is often transferred during conjugation? a) Chromosomal DNA b) Plasmid DNA c) mRNA d) tRNA

  18. A glycocalyx is also known as: a) fimbriae b) pili c) slime layer d) peptidoglycan

  19. A thick glycocalyx is called: a) Slime layer b) Capsule c) Biofilm d) Peptidoglycan

  20. What is the primary function of a bacterial capsule? a) movement b) adhesion c) protection from host defenses d) nutrient storage

  21. What is a biofilm? a) a thick slime layer b) a community of microbes attached to a surface c) a structure for dna exchange d) a type of bacteria

  22. Why are biofilms clinically important? a) they help treat infections b) they are hard to treat and can form on medical devices c) they improve the efficacy of antibiotics d) they can only grow in healthy patients

  23. What are the two main components of a cell envelope? a) nucleus and cytoplasm b) cell membrane and cell wall c) dna and rna d) fimbriae and pili

  24. The fluid mosaic model describes the structure of the: a) Cell wall b) Cell membrane c) Capsule d) Nucleoid

  25. The cell membrane is composed of a: a) triglyceride monolayer b) cholesterol bilayer c) phospholipid bilayer d) protein lattice

  26. Proteins that span the cell membrane are called: a) Peripheral proteins b) Integral proteins c) Lipoproteins d) Porins

  27. Proteins associated with only one side of the membrane are called: a) Peripheral proteins b) Integral proteins c) Lipoproteins d) Porins

  28. What is the function of receptor proteins in the cell membrane? a) transport nutrients b) transport waste c) detect environmental stimuli d) produce energy

  29. What is the cell wall made of? a) Cellulose b) Chitin c) Peptidoglycan d) Sterols

  30. What is peptidoglycan? a) A type of protein b) A sugar/peptide complex c) A lipid d) A nucleic acid

  31. What is the main function of the cell wall? a) DNA replication b) Maintain cell shape and prevent lysis c) Nutrient storage d) Energy production

  32. Which enzyme destroys cell walls by breaking down peptidoglycan? a) amylase b) lysozyme c) lipase d) protease

  33. What type of cells have a thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall? a) Gram negative b) Gram positive c) Mycoplasmas d) Spirochetes

  34. Gram-positive cell walls are: a) not porous b) porous c) made of lipopolysaccharide d) do not have teichoic or lipoteichoic acids

  35. Teichoic and lipoteichoic acids are found in: a) Gram negative bacteria b) Gram positive bacteria c) Mycoplasmas d) Spirochetes

  36. What is the purpose of teichoic and lipoteichoic acid? a) maintain membrane fluidity b) maintain cell wall integrity and help with adhesion c) provide energy d) help with DNA transfer

  37. Gram-negative cell walls have: a) a thick peptidoglycan layer b) a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane c) no peptidoglycan d) only an inner membrane

  38. What is the outer membrane of Gram-negative cells made of? a) peptidoglycan b) lipopolysaccharides (LPS) c) teichoic acid d) sterols

  39. What is LPS also known as? a) exotoxin b) endotoxin c) porin d) lipoprotein

  40. What are porins? a) proteins that assist in conjugation b) nonselective channels in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria c) proteins that stick to host cells d) proteins that make up the flagella

  41. How does Gram staining work? a) it highlights peptidoglycan b) it uses dye to differentiate bacteria based on cell wall structure c) it stains dna d) it stains capsules

  42. What are mycoplasmas? a) gram negative bacteria b) gram positive bacteria c) bacteria that naturally lack a cell wall d) archaebacteria

  43. What do mycoplasmas use to stabilize their cell membranes? a) peptidoglycan b) teichoic acid c) sterols d) lipopolysaccharides

  44. Where is the bacterial genome located? a) nucleus b) nucleoid c) inclusion bodies d) ribosomes

  45. What is a plasmid? a) a component of the cell membrane b) a small circular piece of dna c) a type of protein d) a lipid

  46. What is the process of copying DNA into RNA called? a) translation b) transcription c) replication d) conjugation

  47. What is the function of ribosomes? a) dna replication b) protein synthesis c) lipid production d) energy production

  48. What is translation? a) copying dna b) using rna to create proteins c) moving dna d) copying rna

  49. What is the bacterial cytoskeleton? a) A storage compartment for nutrients b) A network of filaments that help maintain cell shape c) A structure involved in cell division d) A cell wall component

  50. What are inclusion bodies? a) membrane bound organelles b) storage compartments for nutrients c) structures for protein synthesis d) components of the cytoskeleton

  51. What is the cytosol? a) the outer layer of the cell wall b) the liquid portion of the cell c) the membrane around the nucleus d) a storage compartment for nutrients

  52. What are endospores? a) reproductive cells b) dormant structures that protect bacteria during harsh conditions c) energy storage granules d) structures that are part of the cytoskeleton

  53. Which bacterial genera are known for producing endospores? a) E. coli and Salmonella b) Clostridium and Bacillus c) Streptococcus and Staphylococcus d) Mycoplasma and Chlamydia

  54. What is an autoclave? a) a method of disinfection b) a method of sterilization c) a device used to sterilize materials by using heat, water, and pressure d) a machine that creates endospores

  55. What are the three basic bacterial shapes? a) square, circle, spiral b) cocci, bacilli, spirilla c) rod, cube, sphere d) long, short, curved

  56. What are pleomorphic bacteria? a) bacteria that have flagella b) bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics c) bacteria that have more than one shape d) bacteria that are gram negative

  57. What are cocci? a) rod-shaped bacteria b) spherical bacteria c) spiral bacteria d) corkscrew shaped bacteria

  58. What are bacilli? a) spherical bacteria b) rod-shaped bacteria c) spiral bacteria d) corkscrew shaped bacteria

  59. What are spirilla? a) spherical bacteria b) rod-shaped bacteria c) curly-Q bacteria d) bacteria that move with flagella

  60. What is a diplococcus? a) a chain of cocci b) a pair of cocci c) a cluster of cocci d) a cube of cocci

  61. What is a streptococcus? a) a pair of cocci b) a chain of cocci c) a cluster of cocci d) a cube of cocci

  62. What is a diplobacillus? a) a chain of bacilli b) a pair of bacilli c) a cluster of bacilli d) a cube of bacilli

  63. What is a streptobacillus? a) a pair of bacilli b) a chain of bacilli c) a cluster of bacilli d) a cube of bacilli

  64. What is a tetrad? a) a chain of four cells b) a group of four cells arranged in a single plane c) a cube of eight cells d) a cluster of four cells

  65. What is a sarcina? a) a chain of cells b) a group of four cells c) a cube of eight to 64 cells d) a cluster of cells

  66. What is a staphylococcus? a) a chain of cocci b) a pair of cocci c) a cluster of cocci d) a tetrad of cocci

  67. What is a palisades arrangement? a) a chain of cells b) a group of four cells c) a cluster of cells d) cells arranged side by side

  68. Which structure is NOT an external structure of bacteria? a) flagella b) fimbriae c) pili d) nucleoid

  69. What is the primary function of flagella? a) adhesion b) movement c) conjugation d) protection

  70. What is the primary function of fimbriae? a) movement b) adhesion c) conjugation d) protection

  71. What is the primary function of pili? a) movement b) adhesion c) conjugation d) protection

  72. What is the primary function of the cell wall? a) cell communication b) energy production c) cell shape and protection d) dna replication

  73. Which of the following is NOT part of the cell envelope? a) cell membrane b) cell wall c) outer membrane d) nucleoid

  74. What is a key component of Gram positive cell walls? a) lipopolysaccharides b) teichoic acids c) sterols d) chitin

  75. What is a key component of Gram negative cell walls? a) teichoic acids b) lipopolysaccharides c) sterols d) peptidoglycan