UNIT 2 STUDY GUIDE
CONTEXT AND CONTINUITY IN THE AMERICAN REPUBLIC
Period 3: American Independence and National Identity (1754-1800)
### Contextualization
Explain the context in which America gained independence and developed a national identity.
### Continuity and Change
Explain how the American independence movement affected society from 1754-1800.
Period 4: Development of the Republic (1800-1848)
### Contextualization
Explain the context in which the republic developed from 1800 to 1848.
### Causation
Explain the extent to which politics, economics, and foreign policy promoted the development of American identity from 1800 to 1848.
CHALLENGES OF THE YOUNG REPUBLIC (1776-1828)
### Textbook Readings
Chapters 5-8
Period 3: (10-17% AP® Exam Weighting)
Period 4: (10-17% AP® Exam Weighting)
Topic: Learning Objectives
### Historical Development
### Essential Terms
### Significant Terms
### Essential Primary Sources
### Significant Primary Sources
### Essential Secondary Sources
### Significant Secondary Sources
Brinkley Chapter 5: The American Revolution
#### Historical Development Goals
3.4a Explain how and why colonial attitudes about government and the individual changed before the American Revolution.
Critical Analysis of Documents
### The Influence of Republican Ideals
Colonists believed in the superiority of republican government based on natural rights.
This belief was expressed in:
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense and Declaration of Independence.
These documents shaped Americans' understanding of national ideals.
### Major Historical Events Leading to Independence
Second Continental Congress
Olive Branch Petition
Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms
Prohibitory Act
Key Influencer
Thomas Paine, Common Sense (1776).
Lee Resolution
Thomas Jefferson’s original draft of the Declaration of Independence.
IMPACT OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION ON SOCIETY
### Factors Contributing to American Victory (WOR)
Despite loyalist opposition and British advantages, the Patriot cause succeeded due to:
Colonial militias
The Continental Army
George Washington’s military leadership
Ideological commitment and resilience of colonists
Assistance from European allies.
### Global Influence of the American Revolution
Ideas within the Declaration of Independence inspired revolutions in:
France
Haiti
Latin America.
### Social and Political Changes
3.6a: Explain how the Revolution affected society (SOC)
Awareness of societal inequalities spurred calls for:
Abolition of slavery
Greater political democracy.
### Social Movements and Ideals
“Republican Motherhood” emerged in response to women's roles during the Revolution:
Called for women to instill republican values at home.
Increased the significance of women in American political culture.
DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGES IN GOVERNMENT
### Articles of Confederation
Unified the states but limited the central government's power.
Post-Revolution difficulties led to calls for a stronger government.
### Key Legislation and Events
Northwest Ordinance ensured:
Public education
Protection of private property
Ban on slavery in the Northwest Territory.
POLITICAL STRUCTURES AND PARTY SYSTEMS
### Constitutional Convention
3.8: Explain ideological positions on government structure and functions (PCE)
Delegates negotiated a Constitution that introduced:
Separation of powers
Federalism.
3.9: Changes post-ratification
Established a dynamic government with divided powers.
### Political Parties
Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties emerged in response to:
Economic policies, national government vs. states’ rights debates, and foreign policy.
Federalists led by Alexander Hamilton vs. Democratic-Republicans led by Thomas Jefferson.
EARLY 19TH CENTURY: CULTURE AND NATIONALISM
### New National Culture Development (1800-1848)
Emergence of a cultural identity blending American and European influences.
New national identity reflected in art, literature, and architecture.
### Social Upheaval and the Second Great Awakening
Rise of individualistic beliefs influenced faith revivals:
Growth of denominations including Presbyterianism, Methodism, and Baptism.
### Economic and Social Changes
Innovations and the Market Revolution influenced production and consumerism.
Increased prosperity for some but growing poverty.
REGIONAL INTERESTS AND POLICY DEBATES
Impact of Slavery and Regional Interests
Regional divides in attitudes towards slavery emerged as the nation expanded:
Antislavery movements gained traction amid societal inequalities.
Legislative attempts at compromise temporarily alleviated tensions (Missouri Compromise).
Foreign Policy and National Expansion
U.S. aimed to expand its influence throughout North America and engage foreign trade.
Established the Monroe Doctrine to assert control in the Western Hemisphere.
CONTEXT AND CONTINUITY IN THE AMERICAN REPUBLIC ### Period 3: American Independence and National Identity (1754-1800) - ### Contextualization - Explain the context in which America gained independence and developed a national identity. - ### Continuity and Change - Explain how the American independence movement affected society from 1754-1800. ### Period 4: Development of the Republic (1800-1848) - ### Contextualization - Explain the context in which the republic developed from 1800 to 1848. - ### Causation - Explain the extent to which politics, economics, and foreign policy promoted the development of American identity from 1800 to 1848. ## CHALLENGES OF THE YOUNG REPUBLIC (1776-1828) - ### Textbook Readings - Chapters 5-8 - Period 3: (10-17% AP®
Exam Weighting) - Period 4: (10-17% AP®
Exam Weighting) ### Topic: Learning Objectives - ### Historical Development - ### Essential Terms - ### Significant Terms - ### Essential Primary Sources - ### Significant Primary Sources - ### Essential Secondary Sources - ### Significant Secondary Sources #### Brinkley Chapter 5: The American Revolution - #### Historical Development Goals - 3.4a Explain how and why colonial attitudes about government and the individual changed before the American Revolution. ### Critical Analysis of Documents - ### The Influence of Republican Ideals - Colonists believed in the superiority of republican government based on natural rights. - This belief was expressed in: - Thomas Paine’s Common Sense and Declaration of Independence. - These documents shaped Americans' understanding of national ideals. - ### Major Historical Events Leading to Independence - Second Continental Congress - Olive Branch Petition - Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms - Prohibitory Act - Key Influencer - Thomas Paine, Common Sense (1776). - Lee Resolution - Thomas Jefferson’s original draft of the Declaration of Independence. ## IMPACT OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION ON SOCIETY - ### Factors Contributing to American Victory (WOR) - Despite loyalist opposition and British advantages, the Patriot cause succeeded due to: - Colonial militias - The Continental Army - George Washington’s military leadership - Ideological commitment and resilience of colonists - Assistance from European allies. - ### Global Influence of the American Revolution - Ideas within the Declaration of Independence inspired revolutions in: - France - Haiti - Latin America. - ### Social and Political Changes - 3.6a: Explain how the Revolution affected society (SOC) - Awareness of societal inequalities spurred calls for: - Abolition of slavery - Greater political democracy. - ### Social Movements and Ideals - “Republican Motherhood” emerged in response to women's roles during the Revolution: - Called for women to instill republican values at home. - Increased the significance of women in American political culture. ## DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGES IN GOVERNMENT - ### Articles of Confederation - Unified the states but limited the central government's power. - Post-Revolution difficulties led to calls for a stronger government. - ### Key Legislation and Events - Northwest Ordinance ensured: - Public education - Protection of private property - Ban on slavery in the Northwest Territory. ### POLITICAL STRUCTURES AND PARTY SYSTEMS - ### Constitutional Convention - 3.8: Explain ideological positions on government structure and functions (PCE) - Delegates negotiated a Constitution that introduced: - Separation of powers - Federalism. - 3.9: Changes post-ratification - Established a dynamic government with divided powers. - ### Political Parties - Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties emerged in response to: - Economic policies, national government vs. states’ rights debates, and foreign policy. - Federalists led by Alexander Hamilton vs. Democratic-Republicans led by Thomas Jefferson. ### EARLY 19TH CENTURY: CULTURE AND NATIONALISM - ### New National Culture Development (1800-1848) - Emergence of a cultural identity blending American and European influences. - New national identity reflected in art, literature, and architecture. - ### Social Upheaval and the Second Great Awakening - Rise of individualistic beliefs influenced faith revivals: - Growth of denominations including Presbyterianism, Methodism, and Baptism. - ### Economic and Social Changes - Innovations and the Market Revolution influenced production and consumerism. - Increased prosperity for some but growing poverty. ### REGIONAL INTERESTS AND POLICY DEBATES - Impact of Slavery and Regional Interests - Regional divides in attitudes towards slavery emerged as the nation expanded: - Antislavery movements gained traction amid societal inequalities. - Legislative attempts at compromise temporarily alleviated tensions (Missouri Compromise). - Foreign Policy and National Expansion - U.S. aimed to expand its influence throughout North America and engage foreign trade. - Established the Monroe Doctrine to assert control in the Western Hemisphere.