Week 1- Intro to History of Christianity (1)

HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY

Importance of History

  • Christianity is deeply rooted in historical context.

  • Scriptures serve as a historical record of God's interactions with humanity.

  • The incarnation of Jesus signifies God's entry into history.

  • The timeline of Christianity comprises:

    • God's creation began time.

    • The coming of Jesus is the mid-point.

    • Jesus' return will conclude history.

Reasons History Matters

  1. Christianity is based on real events.

  2. Remembers the faith of martyrs.

  3. Reflects God's faithfulness.

  4. Acknowledges past theological errors.

  5. Celebrates a common heritage in diversity.

  6. Connects the past to the future.

Definitions of Christianity

  • Viewed from the Roman perspective, Christians were seen as another Jewish sect.

  • Some Jewish leaders regarded Christians as renegades who abandoned Judaism.

  • By A.D. 100, Christianity and Judaism were recognized as separate faiths.

  • Persecutions of Christians led to a distinct identity.

Expansion of Christianity

  • Paul's missionary journeys facilitated the spread of Christianity across Asia Minor and the Western Roman Empire.

  • First believers named "Christians" in Antioch.

Persecution of Christians

  • A.D. 64: Rome suffered a severe fire; rumors suggested Nero started it to reconstruct the city.

  • Nero openly recognized Christianity as a distinct religion, initiating persecution.

    • Brutal methods used: crucifixion, burning, and feeding to wild beasts.

Martyrdom

  • Apostle Peter chose to be crucified upside down, while Paul, a Roman citizen, was executed by sword.

Reasons for Unpopularity of Christianity

  • Christians' monotheism seemed arrogant to Romans who worshiped multiple deities.

  • Misunderstandings about Christian customs led to false accusations of cannibalism and incest.

  • The church's approach challenged societal norms, especially regarding the status of women and slaves.

Demographic Shifts

  • After the Jewish revolt and the destruction of Jerusalem in A.D. 70, there was a societal shift leading to increased persecution of Christians.

The Role of Christian Apologists

  • By the mid-100s, apologists arose to defend Christianity against charges and misconceptions.

  • Justin Martyr: Integrated Greek philosophy, eventually martyred for faith.

  • Polycarp of Smyrna: Known for his refusal to blaspheme Christ, martyred by burning.

Conditions Under Roman Rule

  • Despite the risks, many were drawn to Christianity.

  • Offered moral guidelines that appealed to many, including Gentiles.

  • Provided equality and respect contrary to the prevalent societal structure.

The Role of Women

  • Women served significant roles in early Christianity; Philip's daughters were recognized as prophets.

  • Christian teachings promoted respect and equal treatment towards women and slaves.

Personal Relationship with God

  • Christianity offered direct fellowship with God, contrasting with the ancient Roman polytheistic beliefs.

  • Early Christians in Lyon demonstrated unwavering faith despite persecution, reflecting the comfort found in Christ's presence during suffering.