STRATEGIES-IN-TEACHING-LISTENING-1-3

Defining Teaching Listening

  • Top-Down Process: Interpretation of incoming information based on prior knowledge and experiences.

  • Bottom-Up Process: Retrieval of sensory information from the environment to form perceptions based on current input.

Strategies in Teaching Listening

Bottom-Up Strategies

  • Identify familiar words in oral texts.

  • Understand meanings of unfamiliar words.

  • Recognize syllable and word stress.

  • Identify rhyming words and listen for intonation patterns.

  • Determine synonyms and antonyms from the listening text.

  • Identify keywords in spoken texts.

Top-Down Strategies

  • Write relevant words and phrases prior to listening.

  • Derive the main idea from texts.

  • Predict emotional reactions and make inferences.

  • Listen for specific details and follow directions.

  • Share ideas based on topics heard.

Stages of Teaching Listening

Before-Listening Stage

  • Activate knowledge and make predictions.

  • Introduce key vocabulary.

  • Prepare questions and encourage prior knowledge.

While-Listening Stage

  • Selective listening, gist listening, and sequencing activities.

  • Express learning about the topic.

  • Utilize re-listening and guided listening techniques.

Post-Listening Stage

  • Analyze and reflect on what was heard.

  • Discuss opinions and sequence events.

  • Incorporate memory games and writing activities.

Format of a Listening Lesson

Pre-Listening

  • Identify vocabulary, activate interest, and context settings.

  • Specify the purpose of the discussion to prepare students.

While-Listening

  • Guided listening and scaffolding note-taking.

  • Provide thinking space for processing information and checkpoints.

  • Listening sources: podcasts, lectures, songs, etc.

Post-Listening

  • Engage in discussion, analysis, and reflective activities.

  • Encourage peer questioning and summarization to enhance understanding.

Assessment in Teaching Listening

  • Purpose: Assess comprehension, decoding language components, retention, and detail focusing.

  • Levels of Assessment:

    • Pre-Listening: Activate previous knowledge and relate past experiences.

    • While-Listening: Assess listening for gist, detail, and inferences.

    • Post-Listening: Reflect, evaluate, and encourage skill transfer.

Types and Purposes of Listening

Intensive Listening

  • Assess perception of language components (sounds, words).

  • Activities: Phonological recognition and paraphrasing tasks.

Responsive Listening

  • Create suitable short responses after short conversations.

  • Include open-ended responses and comprehension questions.

Selective Listening

  • Focus on extracting specific information.

  • Example tasks: Listening for key facts.

Extensive Listening

  • Understanding lengthy texts and connecting ideas.

  • Activities involve dictation and comprehensive question answering.

Points to Remember

  • Adapt assessment methods to student levels.

  • Continuous feedback is crucial for progress and adaptation of teaching strategies.