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Which one is NOT considered part of the anatomic dead space of the respiratory system? 

Trachea

Nasal cavity

Alveolar sac

Bronchi

Which one is NOT a function of type II pneumocytes?

Remove pathogens and debris

Secrete cytokines

Regenerate the alveolar epithelium

Synthetize surfactant

A 4-year-old domestic short-haired cat is presented with wheezing and dyspnea. Administration of inhaled salmeterol (β2-adrenergic agonist) improves the condition. What is the most likely physiological mechanism of this improvement?

Inhibition of M3 receptors on airway smooth muscle.

Bronchoconstriction mediated by B2 receptors.

Relaxation of smooth muscle in the bronchial walls.

Decrease in mucus secretion by goblet cells.

Stimulation of ciliary activity to clear inhaled allergens.

A 7-year-old West Highland White Terrier is diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a disease that damages and scars the thin walls of the alveoli. Which specific cell type, responsible for forming the majority of the alveolar surface area for gas exchange, is primarily affected?

Ciliated epithelial cells

Type II pneumocytes

Alveolar macrophages

Type I pneumocytes

A dog is diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism, which has completely blocked blood flow to a section of the lung. The alveoli in this section are still being ventilated with fresh air but are not being perfused by blood. This situation creates what type of physiological condition?

Anatomic dead space

Parasympathetic bronchoconstriction

Increased surfactant production

Alveolar dead space

Which of the following correctly pairs a structure of the respiratory system with its classification as either part of the conducting zone or respiratory zone?

Terminal bronchioles - Respiratory zone

 Alveolar ducts - Conducting zone

Trachea - Conducting zone

Respiratory bronchioles - Conducting zone

A drug that functions as a parasympatholytic agent (blocking the parasympathetic response) is administered to a dog. What effect would this have on the airways?

Bronchoconstriction mediated by M3 receptor blockade.

Bronchodilation mediated by M3 receptor activation.

Bronchodilation due to unopposed sympathetic tone on β2 receptors.

No effect, as airway diameter is only controlled by the sympathetic system.

Which function is exclusively performed by the conducting zone and NOT the respiratory zone?

Production of surfactant

Housing of macrophages for immune defense.

Gas exchange with pulmonary capillaries

Removal of inhaled particles via the mucociliary escalator.