Module 3: Joining Rigid Tubing

Connectors and Joining Techniques:
- Rigid tubing systems utilize several distinct styles of mechanical connectors and joining techniques depending on application requirements:
- Single-flare connectors
- Double-flare connectors
- Flareless connectors
- Hose and clamp assemblies installed over a beaded tube

Mechanism and Application:
- Flaring tools utilize mechanical pressure to shape the end of rigid tubing, creating a fabricated mechanical joint.
- Flaring tools are primarily used for joining or sealing copper tubing using a flare connection.
- Flaring provides a reliable seal that allows tubing to be connected directly to another section of tubing or to specialized mechanical fittings.
Flaring Tool Kit Components (Packing List):
- Self-Centering Yoke: Applies even centered pressure during the flaring operation.
- Double Flaring Adapters: Accessories used to create double flares on tubing ends.
- 5-Hole Bar: Clamping bar equipped with standard sizing holes to hold various tube dimensions securely.
- ABS Plastic Case: Durable enclosure provided for organizing and protecting the complete tool set.

Purpose and Functionality:
- A beading tool is utilized to form a raised mechanical bead around the circumference of rigid tubing.
- The formed bead serves as an anchor/seal ridge when securing a hose over the tube using hose clamps.
Supported Outer Diameter (O.D.) Sizes:
- $3/8\text{ in.}$ Outer Diameter ( $\text{O.D.}$ )
- $1/2\text{ in.}$ Outer Diameter ( $\text{O.D.}$ )
- $5/8\text{ in.}$ Outer Diameter ( $\text{O.D.}$ )
Supported Material Types:
- Aluminum
- Copper
- Steel
- Stainless Steel

Replacement Standard:
- Whenever replacing a fitting within a rigid tubing system, the new fitting must strictly be composed of the exact same material as the original fitting to prevent failure and material degradation.