SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY 

Mesopotania

  • The first recoded civilizations of the world existed in the region around 3300-750 B. C.

Sumarian Civilazation

  • Now the modern iraq.
  • The earliest civilization in mesopotamia.
  • Call themselves as the “Black headed people” and there land the “land of the black headed people”
  • Were known for building walled city-states and their many inventions are still widely used to this day.
  • Invented the cuneiform - system of writting. This is characterized by wedge-shape scripts. Presented into a clay tablet.
  • Invented the “Summerian wheel”
  • Built sail boats.
  • First to used pottery in 3500 B. C.
  • Developed agricultural process known as “Irrigation”

Cunieform

  • The earliest system of writting aroun 3000 B.C.
  • They strengthen their system of writting because of the need for long-distance communication with merchants from other civilizations.

Babylonian civlization

  • Served as the center of mesopotamian civilization for nearly two millennia.
  • Also known to oberved the sun, moon, and stars to make astronomical calculations and prediction that they recorded on clay tablets.
  • Were able to record the phases of venus.
  • Divised a “Lunar calendar” and diided into an alternate of 29 and 30 days.
  • Also invented the sundials, and water clocks and determine time.

Africa

  • Science and technology in africa region are diverse.
  • They excel various fields such as agriculture, engineering, textile production and medicine.
  • Advancements in metallurgy and tool making were made across the enetirety of acient africa by local craftmens (Hunting and Defense) and other agricultural needs of the people.

TOOLS

  • Vurha or Uta (Bow)

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  • Mahhari or Miseve (Arrow)

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  • Mukwanga or banga (Knives)

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  • Xihlokes or Demo (Axes)

\ Ancient egypt

  • Africa's most famous civilization
  • Rain seldom felt in egypt but the flooding from the nile river helped in cultivating crops. (Wheat and Flux)
  • Old kingdom of egypt was rich in architectural feats.

Pyramids

  • served as tombstone for king and queens of Egypt.
  • Pyramids and great sphinx of giza (20 m. High)
  • Believe that after death, the soul lives as an immortal entity.
  • Death is not the end but a transition form one state to another.
  • There also responsible for cosmetic inventions. (Wigs, and Make up.)
  • Canal for irrigation
  • Is the first scientifict innovation. Called “Shadoof”

Mumminification

  • To preserve the body, so that it ca be recognize by the soul.

Djoser

  • The first pharoah that build the first step pyramid in saqqara. (designed by imhotep)

Imhotep

  • Wrote texts describing more than 200 diseases and their corresponding treatment.

Papyrus

  • Material made from the path of the papyrus plant that is similar to paper. Was used as a writting surfaces by the egyptians and also used to make mats baskets, rats, ropes and more.

Hieroglypics

  • System of writtenting using symbols.

\ Indus valley civilization

  • An acient civilization located in present day pakistan and northwest India.
  • The largest of the four urbban civilizations of egypt, mesopotamia, south asia, and China.
  • Flourished in the besins of the indus river and gheggar - hebra river, on of the major rivers in asia that coursed through northwest india and eastern dablisten.
  • In the 1928, archeologists unearthed the ruins of theh indus valley civilization. The 4,600 year old city of mehemja-dora.
  • The discovery proved that mesepotamia, babylon and egypt were not only acient civilization that have been around since then.
  • Two cities excavated at the site of mohenjo-dora on the lower indus and at herapoa suggest that the civilization lead a highly developed uban life, which could be compared to those of summer and superior to babylon and acient egypt that time.
  • People who resided here also developed accurate weighting system and measurement for trade and a writting system conssisiting of 250 to 300 characters.

They also have advanced agricultural practices.

  • Bronze
  • Age civilization.

Acient china

  • It is known to be one of the oldest and longest lasting ccivilization of the world.
  • “china” is derive from the “saskrit cina” froom the name of the “qiin dynasty” produced “chin”
  • The greek and romans called “seres”meaning “The land where the silk comes from”
  • Made advancement in science, Technology, mathematics, and astronomy.

Abacus

  • Developed by the chinese as their country device sometimes between 1000 B. C and 500 B. C
  • It is used not only for counting but ffor basic and complex mathemathics operations.
  • Responsible for introducing and developing medical treaments including acupnture and herbal medicine being the most used for treating illness this time.
  • Hon dynasty (200 B. C - 200 A. D) many invention emerged.
  • Paper was invented iin 105 A. D
  • Movable printing press was created in 960 A. D, the production of printed works flourished around the world.

Porcelain

  • Type of ceramic clay pattery used to craft.

Silk

  • Originated in china as easily as the chinese neolithic period. It is produced by silk worms that feeds on blueberry leaves and greates the cocoon where they will later develop.

Silkculture

  • The cultivation and production skills.

Silk food

  • A network of bode coutes that commented different countries.

Gun powder

  • Initially used for fireworks was also one

of the popular creation of chinese.

Acient greece

  • A time beween 800 B. C and 8000 B. C after the so called greek dark age. Characterized by the expansion of villages and the development of market places and meeting places. And its also known for it's achievement in politics, art, philosophy, science, and its democratized education system. Example of this is the pythegorem theorem which measures the distance and space. There are also know for there philosophy. Thhis became there contribution to the western.

Hippocrates

  • “Father of western medicine”, innovation in engineering and mechanics also flourished in acient Greece.

Water mills

  • Used to grind grains.

Perachora wheel

  • Contributed to the creation of water mills.

Aqueducts

  • Water management in saman and athens.

Odometer

  • Used to measure the distance coverd by a vehicles.

Thales of mileus

First western philosopher and mathematician.

Acient rome

  • A small town near the tiber. Borrowed and enriched th cuture of greece. Surgical instruments were used y roman physicians and for diagnosis and treatment of diseases. (ex: rectal speculum, bone levers, and cupping vessels) they are also know for there thing being made out of steel, lead, or bronze.

Concrete

  • Known for its durability.

Appius claudius caecus

  • Build the first roman aqueduct. (APPIA, 312 B. C)

Meso america

  • A historical region and cultural area in north america.

Olmee

  • Earliest mesoamerican civilization, established in the northeastern part of mexico

Maya

  • Known for there specific advance people and have been colonize.

Mayahierographics

  • This is system of writting in maya and have 1000 characters.
  • Codices

Tree bark

  • Gryphs

Pictorial scripts

  • 365 days

Solar year

  • 260

Sacred year

  • Long gouint

measure days thru cycles and set.

  • Metal and minerals

Used by mayanin

Aztee

  • Tenoehtitlan
  • Chinampan

Artificial island

  • Nanuhat

Aztec language

Inca civilization

  • Largest mesoamerican civilazation, known for having great enginners

Quechua

  • Language of Inca

Quipu

  • Set of strings

Acupuncture

  • Practice of relieving pain,healing of illnesses and improving the general well-being of a person.

Colosseum

  • Largest amphitheater ever built.

Pahtheon

  • Formaly roan temple

Ctesiblus

  • Know for developing water clock. (clypsydea) which used water dropping and clay vessels to track time.

Golen

  • First to describe and diagnose sympptoms of different deseases and their corresponding treatment for other to use and know.

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