da big science

Matter: anything that has mass and takes up space

Model: an explanation or representation of something unseen

Element: a collection of atoms with equal protons and neutrons

Molecules: chemicals resulting from atoms linking together

Physical change: change affecting appearance but not chemical makeup of a substance

Chemical change: change altering the makeup of elements or molecules of a substance

Phase: one of the three forms which every substance is capable of obtaining

Diffusion: random motion of molecules from an area of high concentration to a lower one

Concentration: measure of how much solute exists within a volume of solvent

Semipermeable membrane: membrane allowing some molecules to pass through but not others

Osmosis: tendency of a solvent to travel across a semipermeable membrane into areas with a higher solute concentration

Catalyst: substance altering the speed of a chemical reaction but is not used up in the process

Organic molecule: a molecule containing only carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, or nitrogen

Biosynthesis: the process by which living organisms produce larger molecules from smaller ones

Isomers: 2 different molecules that have the same chemical formula

Monosaccharides: simple carbohydrates containing 3-10 carbon atoms

Disaccharides: carbohydrates made up of more than two monosaccharides

Dehydration reaction: chemical reaction when molecules combine by removing water

Hydrolysis: breaking down of complex molecules by the chemical addition of water

Hydrophobic: lacking an affinity/attraction to water

Saturated fat: lipid from fatty acids with no double bonds between carbon atoms

Unsaturated fat: lipid made from fatty acids with at least one double bond between carbon atoms

Peptide bond: bond formed when aminoacids link together in a protein

hydrogen bond: strong attraction between hydrogen atoms and certain other atoms in molecules

What determines a vast majority of characteristics in an atom? Number of electrons

Chemical equation for photosynthesis: 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂

Reaction used for building disaccharides, polysaccharides, fats and proteins: dehydration reactions

Basic building blocks of proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides: aminoacids

Enzymes: special class of proteins used as catalysts

Basic parts of a nucleotide: adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine

Force that holds helixes in dna together: hydrogen bonds