Arch 435 - Lecture 14: Typologies Notes

Arch 435: Lecture 14 - Typologies

International Building Code (IBC) Breakdown

  • The course utilizes the International Building Code (IBC) as a primary reference.
  • The IBC is divided into several sections:
    • Chapters 3-6: Focus on Building Occupancy and Construction Types.
    • Chapters 7-15: Cover Life Safety and Building Science principles.
    • Chapters 16-26: Detail Structural Systems and Building Materials.
    • Chapters 27-33: Address Additional Systems and Requirements.

Construction Types

  • Construction type is a means to determine fire protection requirements.

Occupancy Types

  • The IBC defines various occupancy groups (Chapter 3):
    • Assembly (A)
    • Business (B)
    • Educational (E)
    • Factory and Industrial (F)
    • High Hazard (H)
    • Institutional (I)
    • Mercantile (M)
    • Residential (R)
    • Storage (S)
    • Utility and Miscellaneous (U)

Limits to Construction

  • IBC sets limits based on occupancy type and construction type (Chapter 5).
  • These limits include:
    • Allowable Height in Feet
    • Allowable Height in Stories
    • Allowable Area
  • Occupancy type is not adjustable.
  • Designers adjust construction types to meet height and area limits.

Allowable Heights and Areas

  • Tables 504.4 and 506.2 in the IBC specify allowable heights and areas based on construction type and occupancy classification.
  • These tables provide detailed limits, including footnotes that offer additional specifications or exceptions.
  • The tables include construction types such as Type I, Type II, Type III, Type IV, and Type V and various occupancy classifications such as A-1, A-2, A-3, A-4, A-5, B, E and F.
  • The tables provide different values based on whether the building is equipped with a sprinkler system (S) or not (NS).

Architectural Scope - Process for Determining Conformance

  1. Determine the Building Program (Occupancy): Using Chapter 3 of the IBC to classify the intended use of the building.
  2. Check Provisions for Special Programs: Consult Chapter 4 for any specific requirements related to the building's program or occupancy.
  3. Determine Construction Type: Base the construction type on required height and area limitations, as specified in Chapter 5.
  4. Determine Fire Rating and Combustibility Requirement: Establish fire rating and combustibility requirements based on Chapter 6.
  5. Design Structural System: Design the structural system considering:
    • Building Height
    • Building Area
    • Clear Span Requirements
    • Combustibility Requirements

Environmental Implications - Loads

  • Seismic Loads:
    • Building Mass
    • Building Stiffness and Ductility
    • Use (Occupancy)
    • Proximity to Known Fault Lines
    • Soil Quality
  • Wind Loads:
    • Regional Wind Velocity
    • Use (Occupancy)
    • Exposure (Wind Obstructions Surrounding the Site)
    • Building Height
    • Site Elevation from Sea Level
    • Site Topography
    • Building Enclosure

Typological Examples

  • The lecture proceeds with a series of design problems of increasing complexity.
  • Each example provides specific constraints and requires determining key building characteristics.
Single Family Residential
  • Given:
    • Low Area, Low Height
    • Short Span Requirements
    • Individual Spaces
  • Determine:
    1. Occupancy Type
    2. Construction Type
    3. Gravity System
    4. Lateral System
    5. Foundation System
1-2 Story Commercial
  • Given:
    • Low Area, Low Height
    • Short Span Requirements
    • Individual Spaces
  • Determine:
    1. Occupancy Type
    2. Construction Type
    3. Gravity System
    4. Lateral System
    5. Foundation System
Restoration of a Historic Mid-Rise to Office Space
  • Given:
    • Constructed in the 1940s
    • Moderate Area, 6 Stories
    • ~25’-0” Spans
    • Flexible options for partitions
    • Heavy Timber Framed Gravity System with Masonry Exterior Bearing Walls, Constructed for Manufacturing.
  • Determine:
    1. Existing Construction Type
    2. Before and After Occupancy Types
    3. Will it work?
Restoration of a Historic Mid-Rise to Hospital
  • Given:
    • Constructed in the 1940s
    • Moderate Area, 6 Stories
    • ~25’-0” Spans
    • Heavy Timber Framed Gravity System with Masonry Exterior Bearing Walls, Constructed for Manufacturing.
    • High Seismic Area.
  • Determine:
    1. Existing Construction Type
    2. Before and After Occupancy Types
    3. Will it work?
Mid-Rise Office, New Construction
  • Given:
    • Moderate Area, 8 Stories
    • ~25’-0” Spans
    • Flexible options for partitions
  • Determine:
    1. Construction Type
    2. Gravity System
    3. Lateral System
    4. Foundation System
Single-Story Shopping Mall
  • Given:
    • 150,000sf Total
    • ~25’-0” Spans
    • Interior Walls are Permanent, 40ft spans between
  • Determine:
    1. Occupancy Type
    2. Construction Type
    3. Gravity System
    4. Lateral System
    5. Foundation System
5 Over 1 Development
  • Given:
    • 5 Story Residential Tower Over a 1 Story Parking Structure
    • 50’-0” Podium Span, 25’-0” Residential Span
    • Fixed Wall Locations in Residential Tower
  • Determine:
    1. Occupancy Type
    2. Construction Type
    3. Gravity System
    4. Lateral System
    5. Foundation System
Parking Garage
  • Given:
    • 150,000sf Total
    • Open to the Elements
    • 60’-0” Span Lengths
    • Seismic Design Category D
  • Determine:
    1. Occupancy Type
    2. Construction Type
    3. How Tall Can It Be?
    4. Gravity System
    5. Lateral System
    6. Foundation System
Airplane Hangar
  • Given:
    • 60,000sf
    • Clear Span across 150’-0”
    • Interior Walls are Permanent, 40ft spans between.
    • Hangar Doors Frequently Remain Fully Open
    • High Wind Area
  • Determine:
    1. Occupancy Type
    2. Construction Type
    3. Gravity System
    4. Lateral System
    5. Foundation System
Metropolitan Museum
  • Given:
    • 160,000sf, 4 stories
    • ~50’-0” Spans
    • Clear Spans Must be Maintained
  • Determine:
    1. Occupancy Type
    2. Construction Type
    3. Gravity System
    4. Lateral System
    5. Foundation System
High Rise Office Tower
  • Given:
    • 16 Stories Tall
  • Determine:
    1. Occupancy Type
    2. Construction Type
    3. Gravity System
    4. Lateral System
    5. Foundation System
Super-Tall Mixed Use
  • Given:
    • 2000ft Tall
  • Determine:
    1. Construction Type
    2. Gravity System
    3. Lateral System
    4. Foundation System