kathak
### Flashcards Outline:
#### Importance and Use of Ghungroos
- Ghungroos: Small metal bells used in Indian dance performances, worn at the ankles by dancers in styles like Bharatnatyam, Kathak, Kuchipudi, and Odissi.
- Material: Usually made of brass with tiny iron balls inside to produce sound.
- Function: Maintains rhythm and tempo during dance; sound varies with bell size.
- Usage: Common in classical and folk dances; number of bells varies with dancer's expertise.
#### Definitions
- Kavit: In rhythm music, linking poetry words with dance, tabla, pakwaz, and primalu bol. Famous in Jaipur gharana, often in faster tempo.
- Chakardar Paran: A composition using pakhawaj bols, repeated three times.
- Gat:
- Gatnikash: Work done to come out of a rotation.
- Gatbhav: Acting out characters of a story through dance, mixing Abhinay (acting), Nrit (body movements with rhythm), and Nritya (dance).
- Chal: Simple walk from one defined position to another in dance.
- Salami: A salutation performed at the beginning of a dance to honor the audience.
#### Body Movements in Dance
- Anga: Main body parts – Head, Hands, Chest, Waist, Bottom, Legs.
- Pratyanga: Secondary body parts – Shoulders, Arms, Stomach, Thighs, Knee. Can include Wrist, Elbow, Ankle.
- Upaanga: Minor body parts – Sight, Eyebrow, Eyelids, Eye Balls, Cheeks, Nose, Gums, Lower Lip, Teeth, Tongue, Chin, Face. Can include Heels, Fingers, Feet, Palm.
#### Eye Movements (Drushtibedha)
- Samam: Looking straight.
- Alolitam: Turning eyeballs clockwise & anti-clockwise.
- Sachi: Looking to the sides without turning the head.
- Pralokana: Looking to the sides alternatively without turning the head.
- Nimeelana: Looking down.
- Ullokana: Looking up.
- Anuvrutta: Looking up & down.
- Avalokana: Looking deep down.
#### Neck Movements (Greevabhedha)
- Sundari: Neck movement on both sides.
- Tirashcheena: Side movement with increased speed.
- Parivartita: Movement to the corners.
- Prakampita: Moving the neck like a rooster.
#### Eyebrow and Eyelid Movements
- Sahaj: Natural eyebrow position.
- Utshape: Raising the eyebrow up.
- Patan: Lowering the eyebrow.
- Bhrikuti: Moving the eyebrow up, down, and sides.
- Chatur: Expanding the eyebrow.
- Kunchit: Moving the eyebrow down.
- Raechit: Raising one eyebrow.
#### Prominent Personalities
- Pandit Narayan Prasad: Born 1908, Jaipur Gharana, renowned for rhythm and emoting, honored with 'Nrityacharya' in 1957.
- Shambhoo Maharaj: Known for emoting in Kathak, recipient of titles like 'Nritya Samrat', 'Abhinaya Chakravarti', 'Padmashri'.
- Achchan Maharaj: Born Jagannath, known for his intricate beats and emoting, father of Pandit Birju Maharaj.
#### Kathak Dance
- Kathak: Classical dance form from North India, originally a storytelling medium.
- Evolution: Transitioned from temple to court dance during Mughal era.
- Elements: Combines Nritta (pure dance) and Nritya (expressive dance).
#### Kathak Gharanas
- Lucknow Gharana: Known for grace, elegance, and delicate movements; flourished in Nawab Wajid Ali Shah's court.
- Banaras Gharana: Emphasizes Natwari or dance bols, minimal chakkars, great floor use.
- Jaipur Gharana: Focuses on technical aspects, complex footwork, multiple spins, and Pakhawaj compositions.
#### Tandav and Lasya
- Tandav: Originated by Lord Shiva, involves aggressive limb movements and expressions of Courage, Anger, Hatred, Enjoyment, and Anger born out of grief and sympathy.
- Lasya: Soft, shringarik dance performed by Goddess Uma, characterized by gentle movements and expressions of pleasure and excitement.
This outline can be used to create flashcards for each term and definition.
### Flashcards Outline:
#### Importance and Use of Ghungroos
- Ghungroos: Small metal bells used in Indian dance performances, worn at the ankles by dancers in styles like Bharatnatyam, Kathak, Kuchipudi, and Odissi.
- Material: Usually made of brass with tiny iron balls inside to produce sound.
- Function: Maintains rhythm and tempo during dance; sound varies with bell size.
- Usage: Common in classical and folk dances; number of bells varies with dancer's expertise.
#### Definitions
- Kavit: In rhythm music, linking poetry words with dance, tabla, pakwaz, and primalu bol. Famous in Jaipur gharana, often in faster tempo.
- Chakardar Paran: A composition using pakhawaj bols, repeated three times.
- Gat:
- Gatnikash: Work done to come out of a rotation.
- Gatbhav: Acting out characters of a story through dance, mixing Abhinay (acting), Nrit (body movements with rhythm), and Nritya (dance).
- Chal: Simple walk from one defined position to another in dance.
- Salami: A salutation performed at the beginning of a dance to honor the audience.
#### Body Movements in Dance
- Anga: Main body parts – Head, Hands, Chest, Waist, Bottom, Legs.
- Pratyanga: Secondary body parts – Shoulders, Arms, Stomach, Thighs, Knee. Can include Wrist, Elbow, Ankle.
- Upaanga: Minor body parts – Sight, Eyebrow, Eyelids, Eye Balls, Cheeks, Nose, Gums, Lower Lip, Teeth, Tongue, Chin, Face. Can include Heels, Fingers, Feet, Palm.
#### Eye Movements (Drushtibedha)
- Samam: Looking straight.
- Alolitam: Turning eyeballs clockwise & anti-clockwise.
- Sachi: Looking to the sides without turning the head.
- Pralokana: Looking to the sides alternatively without turning the head.
- Nimeelana: Looking down.
- Ullokana: Looking up.
- Anuvrutta: Looking up & down.
- Avalokana: Looking deep down.
#### Neck Movements (Greevabhedha)
- Sundari: Neck movement on both sides.
- Tirashcheena: Side movement with increased speed.
- Parivartita: Movement to the corners.
- Prakampita: Moving the neck like a rooster.
#### Eyebrow and Eyelid Movements
- Sahaj: Natural eyebrow position.
- Utshape: Raising the eyebrow up.
- Patan: Lowering the eyebrow.
- Bhrikuti: Moving the eyebrow up, down, and sides.
- Chatur: Expanding the eyebrow.
- Kunchit: Moving the eyebrow down.
- Raechit: Raising one eyebrow.
#### Prominent Personalities
- Pandit Narayan Prasad: Born 1908, Jaipur Gharana, renowned for rhythm and emoting, honored with 'Nrityacharya' in 1957.
- Shambhoo Maharaj: Known for emoting in Kathak, recipient of titles like 'Nritya Samrat', 'Abhinaya Chakravarti', 'Padmashri'.
- Achchan Maharaj: Born Jagannath, known for his intricate beats and emoting, father of Pandit Birju Maharaj.
#### Kathak Dance
- Kathak: Classical dance form from North India, originally a storytelling medium.
- Evolution: Transitioned from temple to court dance during Mughal era.
- Elements: Combines Nritta (pure dance) and Nritya (expressive dance).
#### Kathak Gharanas
- Lucknow Gharana: Known for grace, elegance, and delicate movements; flourished in Nawab Wajid Ali Shah's court.
- Banaras Gharana: Emphasizes Natwari or dance bols, minimal chakkars, great floor use.
- Jaipur Gharana: Focuses on technical aspects, complex footwork, multiple spins, and Pakhawaj compositions.
#### Tandav and Lasya
- Tandav: Originated by Lord Shiva, involves aggressive limb movements and expressions of Courage, Anger, Hatred, Enjoyment, and Anger born out of grief and sympathy.
- Lasya: Soft, shringarik dance performed by Goddess Uma, characterized by gentle movements and expressions of pleasure and excitement.
This outline can be used to create flashcards for each term and definition.
