vocab test

  1. mercantile - related to commerce or trade

  2. Renaissance - French for “rebirth”; refers to a period of cultural revival in Europe from the 1300s to the 1500s

  3. patron - someone who gives money or other support to a person or group

  4. humanism - a cultural movement of the Renaissance based on the study of classical works

  5. secularism - the view that religion need not be the center of human affairs

  6. vernacular - everyday spoken language

  7. individualism - the belief in the importance of the individual as opposed to the larger community

  8. utopia - an imaginary, ideal place

  9. satire - work of literature that makes fun of its subject, often mocking vice or folly

  10. civic - having to do with city or town life

  11. prestige - respect and admiration from others

  12. linear perspective - a mathematical system for representing three-dimensional space on a flat service 

  13. engraving - an art form in which an artist etches a design on a metal plate with a needle and acid

  14. proportion - using balanced or symmetric elements to form a pleasing design  

  15. sonnet - a poem of 14  lines with a fixed rhyming pattern

  16. artificial - un-natural or human made

  17. melancholy - depressed or sad

  18. movable type - a format of printmaking, in which individual letters formed in metal could be used again and again

  19. censor - to ban dangerous or offensive ideas, or remove material from published works, or prevent its publication

  20. recant - to withdraw or take back

  21. linen - a cloth made from the flax plant

  22. doctrine - a set of principles or system of belief

  23. Reformation - a religious movement that began in the 1500s to reform the Catholic Church 

  24. indulgence - a kind of cancellation of punishment for sin

  25. sacrament - sacred rites of Christianity, such as baptism and communion  

  26. sect - a subgroup of a major religious group 

  27. predestination - the idea that God had long ago determined who would gain salvation  

  28. theocracy - a government run by religious power 

  29. ghetto - separate section of a city where members of a minority group are forced to live  

  30. temperament -  a specific person’s  way of behaving and thinking 

  31. annulment - an official act ending marriage

  32. edict - a official public order made by a king or other authority 

  33. armada - a fleet of warships

  34. federalism - a form of government in which power is shared between local and national levels 

  35. rationalism - the belief that knowledge is gained by thinking things through using reason.

  36. heliocentric theory - the theory that places the sun at the center of the universe 

  37. heresy - a belief that is rejected by official Church doctrine

  38. empiricism - theory that all knowledge is gained through experience and observing with the senses  

  39. inductive reasoning -the process of looking at specific facts and making general principles or rules based on those facts 

  40. scientific method - a method of using observation, experiments, and careful reasoning to gain new knowledge