Introduction to Memory

Explicit Memory - hippocampus plays a role which include episodic and semantic memories; effort, concentration, declarative

Episodic Memory - specific events/periods in one’s life

Semantic Memory - general information known

Implicit Memory - cerebellum plays a role and includes procedural memories; cued memories always known, no effort needed

Procedural Memory - specific actions that have procedures (biking, swimming, tie shoelaces)

Prospective Memory - remembering to do something in the future 

Neurogenesis - creating new neurons in the brain

Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) - neural explanation for how memes form/endure; when groups of neurons fire together repeatedly hand strengthen synaptic connections

Working Memory -  helps people hold information and manipulate it for a limited amount of time

Visuospatial Sketchpad - visual and spatial info added to working memory

Long-Term Memory - no limits, eidetic memory and information can be added to it anytime 

Multi-Store Model - theory of how human memory functions

Sensory Memory - allows to take in many sensory information at any moment in less than ½ a second and can be lost forever if not attended to

Central Executive - control center of memory and manages attention

Phonological Loop - maintaining verbal and auditory information for memories

Iconic Memory - recalling information for a second 

Echoic Memory - auditory info that is heard without paying attention (3-4 seconds)

Shallow Processing - may not lead to LTM memory and has no meaning

Deep Processing - consciously adding a meaning to information to try to encode (pictures and emotion)

Automatic Processing - stimuli causes encoding without taking effort

Effortful Processing - giving thought and effort to understand and remember →takes effort 

Encoding - attend to info and pass along to storage

Storing - in order to store we need to retain over time, the information taken in

Retrieval - getting information out and recover what is stored 

Structural Processing - visual 

Phonemic Processing - sound 

Semantic Processing - add a meaning