Untitled Flashcards Set
Caravanserai | 1200-1450 | Along the Silk Road | a roadside inn where travelers could rest and refresh themselves and their animals. These inns were often located along major trade routes, such as the Silk Road, and were used as way stations for caravans traveling between Asia, Europe, and Africa | medieval caravanserais were lively seedbeds for globalization, resembling the modern city in the variety of people, languages, goods, and customs found within their walls. Travelers from East and West—speaking many different languages—traded stories, news, merchandise, and ideas while they mingled at these trade hubs |
Zamindars | 1450-1750 | India | A tax collector or landlord in India under the Mughal empire | The Mughal state had the zamindars collect tribute from peasants and allowed them to keep 10 percent of it themselves before sending it to the government. Tribute was paid in kind, in the form of crops, rice, pepper, or some other agricultural product. As with all aristocrats with local authority, zamindars constituted a potentially decentralizing force. Revenues to the state began to drop because the zamindars were keeping much of this tribute for themselves; peasants resented them for growing rich at their expense. |
Chattel Slavery | 1600’s-1800’s | The Americas | Chattel slavery is the most common form of slavery known to Americans. This system, which allowed people — considered legal property — to be bought, sold and owned forever, was lawful and supported by the United States and European powers from the 16th – 18th centuries. | People from Africa became the chattel slaves to the colonial powers in Americas predominately after sugar plantations, began by the Portuguese, spread across South America and the Caribbean. |
World Trade Organization | Global | Created in 1995 | the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. At its heart are the WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world's trading nations and ratified in their parliaments. | The WTO has been a force for globalization, with both positive and negative effects. Big businesses tend to support the WTO for its positive impact on international economic growth. Skeptics see it as increasing the wealth gap and hurting local workers and communities. |
Porcelain | first produced around 600 C.E | China | High-fired (about 1300º) white ceramics, whose bodies are translucent and make a ringing sound when struck. Chinese ceramics were first exported in large quantities during the Song dynasty (960-1279) | Because no one else made porcelain, all other civilizations had to trade with China to get it. This created more wealth and a higher demand for trade with China. Porcelain also opened up new markets in China, expanded the wealth of artisans and merchants, and helped to bring up the middle class |
Five Year Plan | 1920’s- 1940’s | USSR | one of a continuing series of Soviet governmental programs designed to achieve usually specified goals in the planned, coordinated, and cumulative development of the Soviet economy and other sectors of Soviet life (as education and science) over a period of five years | In the Soviet Union the first Five-Year Plan (1928–32), implemented by Joseph Stalin, concentrated on developing heavy industry and collectivizing agriculture, at the cost of a drastic fall in consumer goods. The second Five-Year Plan (1933–37) continued the objectives of the first. Collectivization, coupled with other Stalinist policies, led to terrible famines that caused the deaths of millions of people. The man-made famine in Ukraine in 1932–33, known as the Holodomor, has been recognized as an attempted genocide against the Ukrainian people. The third Five-Year Plan (1938–42) emphasized the production of armaments. The fourth (1946–53) again stressed heavy industry and military buildup, angering the Western powers. |