Probability

1. Theoretical Probability

Definition: The chance of something happening based on math and logic, not experiments.

Example:

Rolling a number greater than 4 on a die:

Favourable = 5 and 6 (so 2 outcomes)

Possible = 1 to 6 (so 6 outcomes)

2. Experimental Probability

Definition: The chance of something happening based on actual experiment results.

Example:

If a cup lands on its side 24 out of 50 times:

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3. Biased Question

Definition: A question that influences or pressures someone to answer a certain way.

Example:

“Do you like cute little puppies or mean hairy cats?” is biased.

A better version: “Do you prefer dogs, cats, or neither?”

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4. Valid Questionnaire Tips

To make a good, fair questionnaire, consider:

Bias: Avoid unfair wording.

Use of Language: Make sure everyone understands the question.

Timing: Ask at a good time (not when people are rushed).

Privacy: Respect personal info.

Cultural Sensitivity: Don’t offend or exclude anyone.

Ethics: Be honest and respectful.

Cost & Time: Be realistic about resources.

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5. Population

Definition: The whole group you're studying or asking questions about.

6. Census

Definition: A survey of the entire population.

7. Sample

Definition: A small group taken from the population to represent the whole.

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8. Valid Conclusion

Definition: A decision or result that makes sense based on fair data and no bias.