UNIT FOUR fuck my life

Global trade networks - Silk roads continue to connect Middle East, Europe, Asia

INDIAN OCEAN TRADE EXPAND - connect East Africa, Middle East, India, and Southwest Asia

  • Swahili city-states are important trading centers along East African coast, Malacca entrepot in Southeast Asia

  • Led to diasporic communities

Transatlantic trade - connect Europe, Africa, and Americas

  • TRIANGULAR TRADE - European manufactured goods, African slaves, American raw materials

  • Slave trade became significant component of global economy

Columbian Exchange - new crops, animals, diseases

  • New crops: maize, potatoes, potatoes

  • Diseases like smallpox and measles destroy native populations in the Americas

  • Mercantilism - emphasized accumulation of wealth through favorable trade balances and colonies (Export more than you import)

Dutch East India Company (VOC)-

British East India Company (EIC) -

Roman Empire - Land based empire, extensive territorial conquest through Europe, North Africa, parts of middle east, trade facilitated by maritime routes and silk roads, fall led by internal problems, economic troubles, and invasions

  • complex bureaucracy where governors maintained order, collected taxes, and implemented law which helped them maintain rule over a large territory. distance of territories also allowed for diverse cultures

  • Pax Romana - Period of relative peace and stability across Roman Empire that allowed for economic growth and cultural exchange.

INNOVATION

Printing press - Around 1450, facilitated the spread of knowledge, ideas, and religion (Protestant Reformation - challenged authority of the Catholic Church, criticized Church’s practice and doctrines. Emphasized sovereignty of God)

  • Contributed to the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment

Sikhism - Syncretism in India, blended elements of Hinduism and Islam

Scientific Revolution - Challenged tradition beliefs and promoted empirical observation and experimentation (Isaac Newton)

SLAVERY

Encomienda - Spanish colonial in America, tribute and labor from indigenous

Hacienda - Spanish America, indigenous labor

Plantation - Americas, relied on enslaved African Labor (Sugar plantations in Brazil)

CONFLICT

Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648) - Religious and political conflict in Europe, Peace of Westphalia (1648) ended war and established state sovereignty

  • Decline of Holy Roman Empire and rise of France

Seven Years’ War (1756-1763) - Global conflict involving European Powers and colonies

  • British victory over France led dominance in N.A. and India

Slave revolts

great depression