Science 4th

Digestive system Pt1.

^^Digestive system^^ - @@Responsible for the digestion and absorption of foods@@

[[THE SIX TYPES OF NUTRIENS OUR BODY NEEDS[[

<<Food is a nourishing substance that we take into our body through eating or drinking<<

<<Metabolism -is the process of how the cells use the energy that they obtain from food during digestion.<<

^^Digestive Tube or Alimentary Canal^^ - @@Where the food is digested@@

[[Mouth or Oral cavity - The entry point of the food[[

[[Ingestion - The FIRST STAGE of digestion[[

- %%Begins with MASTICATION or CHEWING%%

^^THE THREE MAJOR SALIVARY GLANDS^^

Parotid glands - ==are located on the side of the cheeks==

%%Submandibular glands%% - @@are located beneath the lower jaw@@

[[^^Sublingual glands^^ - are the glands that are situated under the tongue[[

Exocrine glands or glands - produce or secrete substances that protect or lubricate a certain body part

There are about 800 - 1000 minor salivary glands Such as:

==Saliva contains== an ENZYME called ^^Ptyalin or Salivary amylase^^

[[INCISORS and CANINE - used for tearing or biting food[[

{{PREMOLARS and MOLARS - ^^ideal for chewing^^{{

]]Adults usually have 32 TEETH]]

}}Children mostly have ==20 PRIMARY TEETH==}}

==Soft palate== - the tongue and roof of the mouth

- helps push the food down to the pharynx and esophagus

}}Papillae - the rough surface of the tongue}}

<<Capsaicin<< <<- the taste buds that detect spice because of its component<<

<<- is a compound found in most numbers of the chili pepper family<<

@@Taste receptors@@ - helps detect different taste buds

THE PHARYNX AND THE ESOPHAGUS

Pharynx or throat - it connects to the mouth to the esophagus

- it serves as the passageway for both food and air

<<Windpipe<< <<- is another tube that is also connected to pharynx<<

@@Epiglottis@@ - is a pharynx flap

}}Bolus - is the rounded soft mass of chewed food}}

{{ESOPHAGUS - is a muscular tube that is approximately 25 cm long{{

[[Peristalsis - is the series of involuntary, wavelike muscular contractions that usually occur in the digestive tract[[

LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPINCHTER %%(LES) called @@muscular valve@@ - relaxes and allows food to pass into stomach

<<Stomach<< <<-is a muscular, expanded organ located on the left side of the upper abdomen. receive the food from esophagus<<

GASTRIC JUICE - is composed of Hydrochloric acid (HCI) and digestive enzyme called @@pepsin@@