Computer Science: types and methods of data transmission

Types and Methods of Data Transmission

Data Transmission Overview
- Involves transferring data between devices over various channels.

Packet Structure
- Consists of a header, payload, and trailer.
- Header:
- Source IP, Destination IP, Sequence number, Packet size.
- Payload: Actual data of ~64 KiB.
- Trailer: Indicates end of packet and contains error-checking methods (e.g., CRC).

Packet Switching
- Data is divided into packets, sent independently.
- Routers determine the path for each packet based on destination IP.
- Benefits: Efficient communication, fault tolerance, and high data rates.
- Drawbacks: Possible packet loss, reordering at the destination.
Circuit Switching
- A dedicated communication path is established and maintained for the entire transmission duration.
- Benefits:
- Guaranteed bandwidth and consistent quality of service (QoS).
- No packet waiting or reordering.
- Reliable for real-time applications.
- Drawbacks:
- Inefficient resource use if the circuit is idle.
- Significant call setup time.
- Single point of failure: if part of the circuit fails, the link breaks.

Transmission Modes:
- Simplex: One-way communication (e.g., computer to printer).
- Half-Duplex: Two-way but not simultaneous (e.g., walkie-talkies).
- Full-Duplex: Two-way simultaneous communication (e.g., broadband).
Data Transmission Types:
- Serial: One bit at a time, works well over long distances, slower rate (e.g., USB).
- Parallel: Multiple bits at once, faster but prone to synchronization issues over long distances.