DRRR

Introduction to Earthquake Related Hazards

  • Institution: National College of NCST Science and Technology Senior High School

  • Subject: Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction

  • Instructor: Mr. Dan Warren F. Agramon

Economic Impact of Earthquakes

  • Earthquakes poses a lot of hazards which can attribute to large economic and human losses and represent a serious impediment to socioeconomic development, creation jobs an availability of funds for poverty reduction.

Definition of Earthquake

  • An earthquake is considered as a geological hazard.

  • It is a sudden natural phenomenon with the capacity to cause:

    • Massive destruction

    • Loss of thousands of lives instantly

Seismicity in the Philippines

  • Seismic Map Interpretation:

    • Understanding earthquake-prone areas via a seismic activity map.

  • Key Data:

    • Historical seismic activity recorded (e.g., NEIC Seismicity 1948).

    • Magnitude indicators and fault traces in the Philippines.

      - MAP INTREPRETATION is the process looking at the map for us to be guided to a direction or place where we wanted to go using the different symbols or elements of the map

Components of Map Interpretation

  • Effective map reading is crucial for understanding earthquake hazards:

    • Compass Rose: Indicates direction. “orientation”

    • Title: tells what the map is about.

    • Symbols: Images used in place instead o symbols.

    • Legend/Key: Explains symbols and their meanings.

    • Colour: Highlights the important information to help interpret map.

    • Scale: Proportion of map to real life.

    • Grid Reference: Framework for pinpointing locations on maps. These are the intersecting lines to help locate specific places on the map. ”border”

Seismic Design Categories

  • Categories used for interpreting earthquake maps:

    • Very low probability of damage. WHITE

    • Potential effects of moderate shaking. GRAY

    • Potential for strong shaking; YELLOW
      intensity increases with darker hues on maps. BROWN,

    • Areas near major faults subject to severe shaking. RED

Seismic Activity in the Philippines

  • Located at the intersection of the Pacific and Eurasian tectonic plates.

  • The Philippine Archipelago occupies the western rim of the Pacific Ocean( western serment of the pacific ring/rim of fire) .
    -Earthquake occur with the PHILIPPINE ARCHIPELAGO EVERY NOW AND THE BECAUSE WE ARE SITUATED ALONG TWO MAJOR TECTONC PLATES

Hazards Associated with Earthquakes

  • Ground Shaking:

    • Main earthquake hazard, causing structural damage. Buildings can be damaged by shaking itself or by the ground beneath them settling to a different level than it was before the earthquake

    • Subsidence can also occur due to the shaking.

  • Ground Rupture:

    • Physical deformation on the ground that marking the interaction with earthquake faults.

  • Earthquake-Induced Landslides:

    • Downslope movement of rocks, soil and other debris commonly triggered by strong shaking.

  • Liquefaction:

    • Soil or sand and groundwater mix under intense shaking, potentially destabilizing structures.

  • Tsunamis:

    • Cause great deal damage. Large waves caused by underwater earthquakes, not directly related to tidal waves.

Tsunami Warning Signs

  • Natural Alert Signals:

    • SHAKE: A felt of earthquake.

    • DROP: Unusual sea levels (sudden rises or drops).

    • ROAR: Loud rumbling sounds from the ocean.

  • Immediate action is to move to higher ground.

Preparedness Guidelines for Earthquakes

Before an Earthquake

  • KNOW THE HAZARD Familiarize with local hazards and evacuation routes.
    KNOW THE EVACUATION AREA check the nearest route going to identified evacuation area

  • PREPARE YOUR HOSE OR WORKPLACE with emergency kits.

  • PREPARE AN EMERGENCY SUPPLY KIT
    Participate in drills to practice evacuation procedures.

During an Earthquake

  • If outside, move to an open area and avoid buildings.
    Near to the shore move quickly to higher grounds

  • If inside, stay calm, drop to the ground, and hold on until shaking stops.

  • Avoid areas near steep slopes which may slide.

After an Earthquake

  • Evacuate quickly and safely to the nearest exit.

  • Anticipate aftershocks following the initial quake.

  • Keep updated via reliable sources (e.g., radio).

  • Extinguish small fires and check for injuries among yourself and others.