HCIA-Cloud Computing V5.5 Pre-Course

Foreword

  • The operating system (OS) is crucial for user-computer interaction.

  • Questions addressed in this course:

    • What is an OS?

    • Types of OSs?

    • Basic commands of the Linux system?

Objectives

  • Upon course completion, participants will be able to:

    • Understand the definition and components of an operating system.

    • Familiarize with the classification of operating systems.

    • Master basic operations of the Linux operating system.

Contents

  1. Operating System Basics

    • Definition

    • Components of an OS

    • Different Types of OSs

  2. Linux Basics

Operating System Definition and Functions

  • An operating system (OS) is a system software that manages and controls computer hardware and software resources.

  • Core functions include:

    • System call interface

    • Process management

    • Memory management

    • File system management

    • Driver management

  • It connects user applications and hardware, enabling program execution and system resource control.

Components of an Operating System

  • Kernel and User Space:

    • The OS consists of a kernel (manages hardware resources) and user space (where applications run).

  • System Calls:

    • Interface for applications to access resources through the kernel.

  • Library Functions:

    • Simplified service interfaces for users.

  • Shell:

    • Command line interface that helps execute scripts and commands.

Common Server OSs

  1. Linux:

    • Unix-like OS known for security, stability, and permission control.

    • Main distributions: SUSE, Kylin, Red Flag, CentOS, RHEL, openEuler.

  2. Windows Server:

    • Server OS by Microsoft, user-friendly GUI.

  3. Unix:

    • Commercial software with various versions (HP-UX, AIX, Solaris).

Features of Linux

  • Supports multiple platforms, multitasking, and multi-user operations.

  • Free to use with an open-source model, compatible with POSIX.

Linux File Directory Structure

  • Linux uses a tree structure for organizing files and directories, starting from / (root directory). Common directories include:

    • /bin: Binary commands.

    • /etc: Configuration files.

    • /dev: Device files.

    • /mnt: Temporary mount point.

    • /opt: Additional software installations.

Operating Commands Overview for Linux

  1. Basic Commands:

    • ls: List directory contents.

    • cat: View file contents.

    • mkdir: Create directories.

    • rm: Delete files.

  2. File Management:

    • cp: Copy files/directories.

    • mv: Move/rename files.

    • passwd: Change user passwords.

  3. Network Management on openEuler:

    • Use commands like ifconfig and ip to manage IP addresses and configurations.

Linux Text Editor - Vim

  • Modes:

    • Normal mode: Editing commands (copy, paste).

    • Insert mode: Modify text.

    • Command line mode: Save or search text.

Summary of the Course

  • Covered key concepts about operating systems, especially focusing on Linux operations.

  • Next course will delve into virtualization technologies.

Acronyms and Abbreviations

  • CLI: Command Line Interface

  • GUI: Graphical User Interface

  • POSIX: Portable Operating System Interface

Course Conclusion

  • Understanding OSs and Linux is essential for managing computing resources effectively.